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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

233 questions · 255 findings · 25 reviews · Neonatal

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No studies found 38 · 14.9%GRADE not reported 32 · 12.5%Very low 83 · 32.5%Low 61 · 23.9%Moderate 27 · 10.6%High 14 · 5.5%

High MCT formula vs low MCT formula

Weight gain · promoting short‐term growth of preterm infants
2 findings from 1 review

High vs standard volume of unfortified human milk or term formula

Necrotising enterocolitis · preterm or low birth weight infants

It is very uncertain whether high changes necrotising enterocolitis compared with standard volume of unfortified human milk or term formula (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High vs standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula

Extrauterine growth restriction at discharge · preterm or low birth weight infants

High showed no clear difference in extrauterine growth restriction at discharge compared with standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High vs standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula

Necrotising enterocolitis · preterm or low birth weight infants

It is very uncertain whether high changes necrotising enterocolitis compared with standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐dose vs standard‐dose strategies

Side effects (tachycardia, agitation, or feed intolerance) leading to a reduction in dose or withholding of caffeine · preterm infants with or at risk for apnea of prematurity

It is very uncertain whether high‐dose changes side effects (tachycardia, agitation or feed intolerance) leading to… compared with standard‐dose strategies (very low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review