Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

179 questions · 185 findings · 25 reviews · Neonatal · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 20 · 10.8%GRADE not reported 14 · 7.6%Very low 45 · 24.3%Low 59 · 31.9%Moderate 37 · 20%High 10 · 5.4%

Closest answers

The findings closest to your search, judged one by one by TypeSafe's Jev model.

Direct match · question page
- Early vs late fortification of human milk · Linear growth (cm/week)
  Early fortification of human milk versus late fortification to promote growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 237 participants
  Low
Direct match · question page
- Early vs late continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) · Failure of treatment ‐ death or intermittent positive‐pressure ventilation (IPPV) before hospital discharge
  Early versus delayed continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found
Direct match · question page
- Early vs late continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) · Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age
  Early versus delayed continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.42 [0.1, 20.49]
  1 study · 29 participants
  Very low
Direct match · question page
- Early vs late continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) · Use of IPPV before discharge
  Early versus delayed continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.77 [0.43, 1.38]
  4 studies · 119 participants
  Very low
Direct match · question page
- Early vs late continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) · Mortality (time not specified)
  Early versus delayed continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Early vs late continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Use of IPPV before discharge · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support

It is very uncertain whether early changes use of IPPV before discharge compared with late continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus delayed continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.43, 1.38]
4 studies · 119 participants
Very low

Early vs late continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

All cause mortality (timing not specified) · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus delayed continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Early vs late continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Failure of treatment ‐ death or intermittent positive‐pressure ventilation (IPPV) before hospital discharge · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus delayed continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Early vs late continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Pulmonary air leak defined as pneumothorax · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support

Early showed no clear difference in air leak (pneumothorax) compared with late continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus delayed continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.09 [0.39, 3.04]
3 studies · 98 participants
Low

Early vs late continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support

It is very uncertain whether early changes bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age compared with late continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus delayed continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.42 [0.1, 20.49]
1 study · 29 participants
Very low

Early vs late fortification of human milk

Days to regain birth weight · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Early fortification of human milk versus late fortification to promote growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 237 participants
Low

Early vs late fortification of human milk

Linear growth (cm/week) · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Early fortification of human milk versus late fortification to promote growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 237 participants
Low

Early vs late fortification of human milk

Growth: head circumference (cm/week) · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Early fortification of human milk versus late fortification to promote growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 237 participants
Low

Early vs late fortification of human milk

Risk of necrotising enterocolitis stage ≥ 2 · preterm infants

Early showed no clear difference in necrotising enterocolitis stage 2 or 3 compared with late fortification of human milk (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early fortification of human milk versus late fortification to promote growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.36 [0.44, 4.16]
2 studies · 237 participants
Low

Early vs late fortification of human milk

Time to achieve full enteral feeding (days) · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Early fortification of human milk versus late fortification to promote growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 237 participants
Low

Early vs late fortification of human milk

Extrauterine growth restriction at discharge · preterm infants

Early showed no clear difference in extrauterine growth restriction at discharge compared with late fortification of human milk (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early fortification of human milk versus late fortification to promote growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.06 [0.81, 1.39]
2 studies · 237 participants
Low

Early vs late fortification of human milk

Proportion of infants with feed interruption episodes · preterm infants

Early showed no clear difference in proportion of infants with feed interruption episodes compared with late fortification of human milk (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early fortification of human milk versus late fortification to promote growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.73, 1.34]
2 studies · 237 participants
Low

Early treatment vs expectant management

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · preterm infants

Early treatment showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality during hospital stay compared with expectant management (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early treatment versus expectant management of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus for preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.8 [0.46, 1.39]
6 studies · 500 participants
Moderate

Early treatment vs expectant management

Proportion of infants requiring surgical PDA ligation or transcatheter occlusion · preterm infants

It is very uncertain whether early treatment changes proportion of infants requiring surgical PDA ligation or… compared with expectant management (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early treatment versus expectant management of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus for preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.08 [0.65, 1.8]
4 studies · 432 participants
Very low

Early treatment vs expectant management

Proportion of infants receiving any pharmacotherapy for a hemodynamically significant PDA · preterm infants

Early treatment may leads to higher proportion of infants receiving any pharmacotherapy for a… compared with expectant management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early treatment versus expectant management of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus for preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.3 [1.86, 2.83]
2 studies · 232 participants
Low

Early treatment vs expectant management

Chronic lung disease · preterm infants

Early treatment showed no clear difference in chronic lung disease compared with expectant management (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early treatment versus expectant management of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus for preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.62, 1.29]
4 studies · 339 participants
Moderate

Early treatment vs expectant management

Severe intraventricular hemorrhage in infants who received neuroimaging · preterm infants

Early treatment showed no clear difference in severe Intraventricular hemorrhage (grades III and IV) compared with expectant management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early treatment versus expectant management of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus for preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.83 [0.32, 2.16]
2 studies · 171 participants
Low

Early treatment vs expectant management

NEC ≥ stage II · preterm infants

Early treatment showed no clear difference in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC; stage 2 or greater) compared with expectant management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early treatment versus expectant management of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus for preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.34 [0.86, 6.41]
5 studies · 473 participants
Low

Very early treatment vs expectant management

Chronic lung disease · preterm infants

Very early treatment showed no clear difference in chronic lung disease compared with expectant management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early treatment versus expectant management of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus for preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.83 [0.63, 1.08]
7 studies · 384 participants
Low

Very early treatment vs expectant management

Severe intraventricular hemorrhage in infants who received neuroimaging · preterm infants

Very early treatment showed no clear difference in severe Intraventricular hemorrhage (grades III and IV) compared with expectant management (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early treatment versus expectant management of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus for preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.64 [0.21, 1.93]
4 studies · 240 participants
Moderate