Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

102 questions · 102 findings · 36 reviews · Emergency and Critical Care

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No studies found 8 · 7.8%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 35 · 34.3%Low 24 · 23.5%Moderate 27 · 26.5%High 8 · 7.8%

High levels of PEEP vs low levels of PEEP

Oxygen efficiency (PaO2/FiO2) day 3 postoperative · patients with ALI and ARDS

1 finding from 1 review

High versus low positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels for mechanically ventilated adult patients with acute… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 2309 participants
Low

HALOPERIDOL vs placebo

The event rate of intensive care delirium within 28 days. · critically ill patients 18 years or older demanding mechanical ventilation within the first 72 hours (Page 2013) or anticipated needing…

Haloperidol showed no clear difference in the event rate of intensive care delirium within 28 days. compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing intensive care unit delirium in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.87, 1.17]
1 study · 1439 participants
Moderate

HALOPERIDOL vs placebo

In‐hospital mortality within 28 days. · critically ill patients 18 years or older demanding mechanical ventilation within the first 72 hours (Page 2013) or anticipated needing…

Haloperidol showed no clear difference in in‐hospital mortality within 28 days. compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing intensive care unit delirium in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.8, 1.22]
2 studies · 1580 participants
Moderate

Number of delirium ‐ and coma‐free days (within 28 days) measured by CAM‐ICU or ICDSC · critically ill patients 18 years or older demanding mechanical ventilation within the first 72 hours (Page 2013) or anticipated needing…

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing intensive care unit delirium in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1580 participants
Moderate

HALOPERIDOL vs placebo

Ventilator‐free days up to day 28 · critically ill patients 18 years or older demanding mechanical ventilation within the first 72 hours (Page 2013) or anticipated needing…

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing intensive care unit delirium in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1439 participants
High

HALOPERIDOL vs placebo

Duration of ICU stay · critically ill patients 18 years or older demanding mechanical ventilation within the first 72 hours (Page 2013) or anticipated needing…

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing intensive care unit delirium in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1580 participants
High

Oxygenation vs no oxygenation during the apnoeic period preceding intubation

Duration of ICU stay · people requiring tracheal intubation

1 finding from 1 review

Oxygenation during the apnoeic phase preceding intubation in adults in prehospital, emergency department, intensive… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 815 participants
Low

High levels of PEEP vs low levels of PEEP

Oxygen efficiency (PaO2/FiO2) day 1 postoperative · patients with ALI and ARDS

1 finding from 1 review

High versus low positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels for mechanically ventilated adult patients with acute… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 2594 participants
Low

High levels of PEEP vs low levels of PEEP

Oxygen efficiency (PaO2/FIO2). Day 7 · patients with ALI and ARDS

1 finding from 1 review

High versus low positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels for mechanically ventilated adult patients with acute… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1611 participants
Moderate

High levels of PEEP vs low levels of PEEP

Ventilator‐free days up to day 28 · patients with ALI and ARDS

1 finding from 1 review

High versus low positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels for mechanically ventilated adult patients with acute… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 1654 participants
Low

HFNC vs standard oxygen therapy

Treatment failure (escalation of respiratory therapy to NIV, NIPPV or invasive ventilation) Measured up to 28 days · adults in the ICU, requiring respiratory support

HFNC may leads to lower treatment failure (escalation of respiratory therapy to NIV, NIPPV… compared with standard oxygen therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐flow nasal cannulae for respiratory support in adult intensive care patients 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.62 [0.45, 0.86]
15 studies · 3044 participants
Low

HFNC vs standard oxygen therapy

In‐hospital mortality (up to 90 days; included studies reported in‐hospital mortality, and mortality up to 28 days and up to ICU discharge) · adults in the ICU, requiring respiratory support

HFNC showed no clear difference in in‐hospital mortality (up to 90 days; included studies reported… compared with standard oxygen therapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐flow nasal cannulae for respiratory support in adult intensive care patients 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.82, 1.11]
11 studies · 2673 participants
Moderate

HFNC vs NIPPV or NIV

Treatment failure (escalation of respiratory therapy to NIV, NIPPV or invasive ventilation) Measured up to 28 days · adults in the ICU, requiring respiratory support

HFNC showed no clear difference in treatment failure (escalation of respiratory therapy to NIV, NIPPV… compared with NIPPV or NIV (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐flow nasal cannulae for respiratory support in adult intensive care patients 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.78, 1.22]
5 studies · 1758 participants
Low

HFNC vs NIPPV or NIV

In‐hospital mortality (up to 90 days; included studies reported in‐hospital mortality, and mortality up to 28 days and up to ICU discharge) · adults in the ICU, requiring respiratory support

HFNC showed no clear difference in in‐hospital mortality (up to 90 days; included studies reported… compared with NIPPV or NIV (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐flow nasal cannulae for respiratory support in adult intensive care patients 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.92 [0.64, 1.31]
5 studies · 1758 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Number of days ventilated · adult (≥ 18 years of age) patients receiving mechanical ventilation (via either an endotracheal tube or a tracheostomy) for acute…

1 finding from 1 review

Oxygen targets in the intensive care unit during mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome: a… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 201 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Requirement for inotropic support (scale from 0 to 28, days of catecholamine use) · adult (≥ 18 years of age) patients receiving mechanical ventilation (via either an endotracheal tube or a tracheostomy) for acute…

1 finding from 1 review

Oxygen targets in the intensive care unit during mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome: a… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 201 participants
Very low

Corticosteroids vs placebo or usual care

28‐Day all‐cause mortalitya · children and adults with sepsis

Corticosteroids probably leads to lower 28‐Day all‐cause mortalitya compared with placebo or usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Corticosteroids for treating sepsis in children and adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.91 [0.84, 0.99]
50 studies · 11233 participants
Moderate

Corticosteroids vs placebo or usual care

ICU length of stay (general intensive care patients) · children and adults with sepsis

1 finding from 1 review

Corticosteroids for treating sepsis in children and adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
21 studies · 7612 participants
High

Corticosteroids vs placebo or usual care

Duration of hospital stay MCID: 1 day absolute difference · children and adults with sepsis

1 finding from 1 review

Corticosteroids for treating sepsis in children and adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
22 studies · 8795 participants
High

Corticosteroids vs control

Early all‐cause mortality (≤ 3 months) Reported at: day 14; day 28; day 60; and in hospital · adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome

Corticosteroids showed no clear difference in early all‐cause mortality (≤ 3 months) Reported at: day 14; day 28;… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological agents for adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.57, 1.05]
6 studies · 574 participants
Low