What do systematic reviews say?

Radiograph and visual examination in combination vs Reference standard: histology

• Tests to detect and inform the diagnosis of root caries 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Specificity 0.54 [0.25, 0.81]
  1 study
  Very low

Radiograph and visual examination in combination vs Reference standard: histology

• Tests to detect and inform the diagnosis of root caries 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Sensitivity 0.81 [0.54, 0.96]
  1 study
  Very low

Fluoride mouthrinse (0.05-0.32% sodium fluoride or amine fluoride) added to daily fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride mouthrinse

• Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Nearest to 3 years
  PF 0.05 [-0.05, 0.15]
  4 studies · 1678 participants
  GRADE not reported

Fluoride mouthrinse (0.05-0.32% sodium fluoride or amine fluoride) added to daily fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride mouthrinse

Fluoride mouthrinse combined with fluoride toothpaste showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) compared with fluoride mouthrinse alone; GRADE not reported.

• Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.88 [0.67, 1.17]
  3 studies · 1697 participants
  GRADE not reported

Fluoride gel combined with fluoride mouthrinse vs Fluoride gel

Fluoride gel combined with fluoride mouthrinse showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) compared with fluoride gel alone; GRADE not reported.

• Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.00 [0.72, 1.40]
  1 study · 344 participants
  GRADE not reported

Fluoride mouthrinse, gel or varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste (any combined regimen) vs Fluoride toothpaste alone

• Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse-effect data scarcely reported: a stain score in one trial and 'any side effects' in one trial without complete or useable data (stated 'no side effects observed in both groups'). No useful information on tooth…
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Fluoride varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride varnish

Fluoride varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) compared with fluoride varnish alone; GRADE not reported.

• Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.75 [0.22, 2.59]
  1 study · 196 participants
  GRADE not reported

Fluoride gel combined with fluoride mouthrinse vs Fluoride gel

• Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Nearest to 3 years
  PF 0.23 [0.04, 0.43]
  2 studies · 497 participants
  GRADE not reported

Fluoride varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste alone

Fluoride varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) compared with fluoride toothpaste alone; GRADE not reported.

• Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.29 [0.61, 2.71]
  2 studies · 294 participants
  GRADE not reported

Fluoride mouthrinse, gel or varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste (any combined regimen) vs Fluoride toothpaste alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Fluorosis data have not been reported in any of the trials.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Fluoride varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride varnish

• Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Nearest to 3 years
  PF 0.19
  1 study · 186 participants
  GRADE not reported

Fluoride gel combined with fluoride mouthrinse vs Fluoride mouthrinse

• Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Nearest to 3 years
  PF 0.02 [-0.20, 0.24]
  1 study · 252 participants
  GRADE not reported

Fluoride varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste alone

• Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Nearest to 3 years
  PF 0.48 [0.12, 0.84]
  1 study · 71 participants
  GRADE not reported

Fluoride gel combined with fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride gel

• Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Nearest to 3 years
  PF 0.10 [-0.01, 0.21]
  3 studies · 759 participants
  GRADE not reported

Fluoride mouthrinse, gel or varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste (any combined regimen) vs Fluoride toothpaste alone

Fluoride mouthrinse, gel or varnish combined with fluoride… showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) compared with fluoride toothpaste alone; GRADE not reported.

• Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.06 [0.93, 1.22]
  5 studies · 1998 participants
  GRADE not reported

Fluoride mouthrinse, gel or varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste (any combined regimen) vs Fluoride toothpaste alone

• Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Nearest to 3 years
  PF 0.10 [0.02, 0.17]
  9 studies · 4026 participants
  GRADE not reported

Fluoride mouthrinse (0.05-0.32% sodium fluoride or amine fluoride) added to daily fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste alone

• Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Nearest to 3 years
  PF 0.07 [0.00, 0.13]
  5 studies · 2738 participants
  GRADE not reported

Fluoride gel combined with fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste alone

• Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Nearest to 3 years
  PF 0.14 [-0.09, 0.38]
  3 studies · 1217 participants
  GRADE not reported

Fluoride mouthrinse (0.05-0.32% sodium fluoride or amine fluoride) added to daily fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste alone

Fluoride mouthrinse combined with fluoride toothpaste showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) compared with fluoride toothpaste alone; GRADE not reported.

• Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.03 [0.84, 1.26]
  3 studies · 1704 participants
  GRADE not reported

Fluoride varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste alone

• Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Nearest to 3 years
  PF 0.15
  1 study · 173 participants
  GRADE not reported