Buprenorphine maintenance may leads to lower drop‐outs Number of participants who did not complete the study compared with buprenorphine detoxification (low certainty).
Buprenorphine maintenance showed no clear difference in use of primary substance Patients with positive urine test at the… compared with buprenorphine detoxification (low certainty).
Buprenorphine maintenance may leads to lower self reported use at 12‐month compared with buprenorphine detoxification (low certainty).
Buprenorphine maintenance showed no clear difference in enrolment in addiction treatment at 12‐month compared with buprenorphine detoxification (low certainty).
Buprenorphine detox may leads to higher drop out Number of participants who dropped out from the study compared with buprenorphine maintenance (low certainty).
Buprenorphine detox showed no clear difference in patients with positive urine at the end of treatment Number of… compared with buprenorphine maintenance (low certainty).
Buprenorphine detox may leads to higher self‐reported use at 12 months compared with buprenorphine maintenance (low certainty).
Buprenorphine detox showed no clear difference in enrolment in addiction treatment at 12 month compared with buprenorphine maintenance (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether full or partial opioid agonist maintenance changes adverse events compared with placebo, detoxification only or psychological treatment… (very low certainty).
Full or partial opioid agonist maintenance showed no clear difference in days of unsanctioned opioid use (as number of days/30 or days/7) compared with placebo, detoxification only or psychological treatment… (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether full or partial opioid agonist maintenance changes self‐reported opioid use at treatment completion compared with placebo, detoxification only or psychological treatment… (very low certainty).
Full or partial opioid agonist maintenance probably leads to higher retention: proportion of participants retained in treatment compared with placebo, detoxification only or psychological treatment… (moderate certainty).
The intervention probably leads to higher number commencing naltrexone maintenance treatment ‐ Buprenorphine… (moderate certainty).
The intervention showed no clear difference in retained in naltrexone maintenance treatment or abstinent at 12… (moderate certainty).
Methadone showed no clear difference in dropout rate compared with buprenorphine (moderate certainty).
Methadone showed no clear difference in use of primary substance compared with buprenorphine (low certainty).
Methadone showed no clear difference in number treated for NAS compared with buprenorphine (low certainty).
Methadone showed no clear difference in serious adverse events for the mother compared with buprenorphine (low certainty).