What do systematic reviews say?

Breast feeding with supplemental feeds by other than bottle vs breast feeding with supplemental feeds by bottle (all trials)

Breastfeeding with supplemental feeds by other than bottle may leads to higher full breastfeeding compared with not breastfeeding or partial… compared with breastfeeding with supplemental feeds by bottle (all trials) (low certainty).

• Avoidance of bottles during the establishment of breastfeeds in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.47 [1.19, 1.8]
  6 studies · 1074 participants
  Low

Breast feeding with supplemental feeds by other than bottle vs breast feeding with supplemental feeds by bottle (all trials)

Breastfeeding with supplemental feeds by other than bottle probably leads to higher any breastfeeding (full and partial combined) compared with not… compared with breastfeeding with supplemental feeds by bottle (all trials) (moderate certainty).

• Avoidance of bottles during the establishment of breastfeeds in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.11 [1.06, 1.16]
  6 studies · 1138 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings ‐ Breastfeeding vs control

• Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 784 participants
  Low

Summary of findings ‐ Breastfeeding vs control

• Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  16 studies · 1866 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings ‐ Breastfeeding vs control

• Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 359 participants
  Low

Summary of findings ‐ Breastfeeding vs control

• Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  12 studies · 1432 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings ‐ Breastfeeding vs control

• Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 235 participants
  Low

Summary of findings ‐ Breastfeeding vs control

• Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 709 participants
  Low

Summary of findings ‐ Breastfeeding vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Breast feeding with supplemental feeds by other than bottle vs breast feeding with supplemental feeds by bottle (all trials)

• Avoidance of bottles during the establishment of breastfeeds in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 1004 participants
  Low

Breast feeding with supplemental feeds by other than bottle vs breast feeding with supplemental feeds by bottle (all trials)

Breastfeeding with supplemental feeds by other than bottle showed no clear difference in episodes of infection per infant compared with breastfeeding with supplemental feeds by bottle (all trials) (low certainty).

• Avoidance of bottles during the establishment of breastfeeds in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.7 [0.35, 1.42]
  3 studies · 500 participants
  Low

Dextrose gel vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral dextrose gel to prevent hypoglycaemia in at‐risk neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Dextrose gel vs control

Oral dextrose gel probably leads to higher exclusive breastfeeding after discharge (WHO 2008 definition (yes/no)) compared with control (moderate certainty).

• Oral dextrose gel for the treatment of hypoglycaemia in newborn infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.1 [1.01, 1.18]
  1 study · 237 participants
  Moderate

Reflective curtains vs intensified phototherapy

• Use of reflective materials during phototherapy for newborn infants with unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 159 participants
  GRADE not reported

Phototherapy with reflective curtains vs phototherapy alone

• Use of reflective materials during phototherapy for newborn infants with unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 11 participants
  GRADE not reported

Naloxone vs no drug or placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Naloxone for opioid‐exposed newborn infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Frenotomy vs no frenotomy or sham procedure

Frenotomy may leads to higher infant breastfeeding assessed by validated scale ‐ IBFAT scores… compared with no frenotomy or sham procedure (low certainty).

• Frenotomy for tongue‐tie in newborn infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 58 participants
  Low

Frenotomy vs no frenotomy or sham procedure

Frenotomy showed no clear difference in infant breastfeeding assessed by validated scale ‐ LATCH scores… compared with no frenotomy or sham procedure (low certainty).

• Frenotomy for tongue‐tie in newborn infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 155 participants
  Low

Intravenous fluid supplementation vs no fluid supplementation

• Fluid supplementation for neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 60 participants
  Moderate

Non‐nutritive sucking (NNS) vs no NNS

• Non‐nutritive sucking for increasing physiologic stability and nutrition in preterm infants 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 303 participants
  Low