Early all‐cause mortality (within 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)
Perioperative beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in early all‐cause mortality (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Myocardial infarction (0 to 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)
Perioperative beta‐blockers may leads to lower acute myocardial infarction (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Cerebrovascular events (within 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)
Perioperative beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in cerebrovascular events (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Ventricular arrhythmias (within 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)
It is very uncertain whether perioperative beta‐blockers changes ventricular arrhythmias (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, or both (within 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)
Perioperative beta‐blockers may leads to lower atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, or both (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Bradycardia · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)
Perioperative beta‐blockers may leads to higher bradycardia (within 30 days; as defined by study authors, minimum… compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Hypotension · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)
Perioperative beta‐blockers probably leads to higher hypotension (within 30 days; as defined by study authors, minimum… compared with placebo or standard care (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
All‐cause mortality (within 30 days) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia
The intervention showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (within 30 days) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Acute myocardial infarction (within 30 days) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia
The intervention showed no clear difference in acute myocardial infarction (within 30 days) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Cerebrovascular events (within 30 days) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes cerebrovascular events (within 30 days) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Ventricular arrhythmias (within 30 days) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia
The intervention may leads to lower ventricular arrhythmias (within 30 days) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Atrial fibrillation or flutter, or both (within 30 days) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia
The intervention may leads to lower atrial fibrillation or flutter, or both (within 30 days) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Bradycardia (within 30 days; as defined by study authors, minimum heart rate < 60 beats per minute or requiring medication) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia
The intervention showed no clear difference in bradycardia (within 30 days; as defined by study authors, minimum… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Hypotension (within 30 days; as defined by study authors, minimum systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg or requiring medication) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia
The intervention showed no clear difference in hypotension (within 30 days; as defined by study authors, minimum… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality (30 days)—cardiac surgery · patients with coronary heart disease and/or valvular heart disease
Beta‐blocker showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (30 days)—cardiac surgery compared with control—cardiac surgery (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Cerebrovascular events—non‐cardiac surgery · patients with conditions requiring non‐cardiac surgery
Beta‐blocker showed no clear difference in cerebrovascular events—non‐cardiac surgery compared with control—non‐cardiac surgery (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Ventricular arrhythmias—non‐cardiac surgery ECG · patients with conditions requiring non‐cardiac surgery
Beta‐blocker showed no clear difference in ventricular arrhythmias—non‐cardiac surgery ECG compared with control—non‐cardiac surgery (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All supraventricular arrhythmias—non‐cardiac surgery ECG · patients with conditions requiring non‐cardiac surgery
Beta‐blocker leads to lower all supraventricular arrhythmias—non‐cardiac surgery ECG compared with control—non‐cardiac surgery (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Bradycardia—non‐cardiac surgery ECG · patients with conditions requiring non‐cardiac surgery
Beta‐blocker probably leads to higher bradycardia—non‐cardiac surgery ECG compared with control—non‐cardiac surgery (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Hypotension—non‐cardiac surgery · patients with conditions requiring non‐cardiac surgery
Beta‐blocker leads to higher hypotension—non‐cardiac surgery compared with control—non‐cardiac surgery (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review