Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

57 questions · 57 findings · 20 reviews · Schizophrenia

No studies found 8 · 14%GRADE not reported 11 · 19.3%Very low 23 · 40.4%Low 10 · 17.5%Moderate 4 · 7%High 1 · 1.8%

Aspirin plus antipsychotics vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

Global state: any change in global state – unspecified problem necessitating change in dose or type of antipsychotics – medium term · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether aspirin plus antipsychotics changes global state: any change in global state – unspecified problem… compared with placebo plus antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

VALPROATE + ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

Acceptability of treatment ‐ leaving the study early · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether VALPROATE + ANTIPSYCHOTICS changes leaving the study early: Acceptability of treatment Leaving the… compared with ANTIPSYCHOTICS + PLACEBO or ANTIPSYCHOTICS alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Aspirin plus antipsychotics vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether aspirin plus antipsychotics changes leaving the study early: short‐term – for any reason compared with placebo plus antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Aspirin plus antipsychotics vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

Service use: change in hospital status – any change · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether aspirin plus antipsychotics changes service use: change in hospital status – any change compared with placebo plus antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adjunctive carbamazepine + antipsychotics vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

Leaving the study early · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether adjunctive carbamazepine + antipsychotics changes acceptability of treatment Leaving the study early due to any reason compared with placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ADJUNCTIVE BENZODIAZEPINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

Unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ADJUNCTIVE BENZODIAZEPINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS changes leaving the study early due to any reason (overall acceptability of… compared with PLACEBO/NO ADJUNCTIVE TREATMENT + ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs CBT plus antipsychotics

Leaving the study early/ loss to · schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics changes leaving the study early ‐ for any reason ‐ overall acceptability… compared with CBT plus antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs antipsychotics

Leaving the study early/ loss to · schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics changes leaving the study early ‐ for any reason ‐ overall acceptability… compared with antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs no specific treatment

Leaving the study early/ loss to · schizophrenia

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics showed no clear difference in leaving the study early ‐ for any reason ‐ overall acceptability… compared with no specific treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PERPHENAZINE vs antipsychotics

Other adverse events: any serious adverse event ‐ short and long term · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether PERPHENAZINE changes other adverse events: any serious adverse event ‐ short and long term compared with ANY ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs first‐generation antipsychotics

Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

Haloperidol showed no clear difference in leaving the study early due to any reason as a measure of overall… compared with first‐generation antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review