Intervention not reported
Pain reduction (mean VAS) Pain assessed before analgesia (0 min) and at 5, 10, 20 and 30 min after analgesia · children (aged < 18 years) with acute severe pain
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Respiratory depression · children (aged < 18 years) with acute severe pain
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Hypotension · children (aged < 18 years) with acute severe pain
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Decreased level of consciousness · children (aged < 18 years) with acute severe pain
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Intolerance to analgesia · children (aged < 18 years) with acute severe pain
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Use of ED "rescue" analgesia · children (aged < 18 years) with acute severe pain
1 finding from 1 review
Postextubation stridor (defined as any inspiratory sound or persistent barking, or presence of sternal or intercostal retractions postextubation) · Children up to eight years undergoing general anaesthesia
It is very uncertain whether cuffed changes postextubation stridor (defined as any inspiratory sound or… compared with uncuffed tubes (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Need for ETT exchange (defined as more than one attempt to arrive at the final endotracheal tube size) · Children up to eight years undergoing general anaesthesia
It is very uncertain whether cuffed changes need for ETT exchange (defined as more than one attempt to arrive at… compared with uncuffed tubes (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Need for tracheal re‐intubation for postoperative stridor (defined as the need to re‐intubate to assure oxygenation to deal with postextubation stridor) · Children up to eight years undergoing general anaesthesia
It is very uncertain whether cuffed changes need for tracheal re‐intubation for postoperative stridor (defined… compared with uncuffed tubes (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Need for epinephrine to treat stridor (defined as the need to use epinephrine to treat postextubation stridor) · Children up to eight years undergoing general anaesthesia
It is very uncertain whether cuffed changes need for epinephrine to treat stridor (defined as the need to use… compared with uncuffed tubes (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission to treat post extubation stridor (as defined by the trial authors) · Children up to eight years undergoing general anaesthesia
It is very uncertain whether cuffed changes need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission to treat post… compared with uncuffed tubes (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Cost of medical gas (described in the study by the hospital expenses for medical gases per participant in Euros) · Children up to eight years undergoing general anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
Need for corticosteroid to treat stridor (defined as the need to use corticosteroid to treat postextubation stridor) · Children up to eight years undergoing general anaesthesia
It is very uncertain whether cuffed changes need for corticosteroid to treat stridor (defined as the need to use… compared with uncuffed tubes (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Failed blocks · children (≤ 18 years of age) undergoing any type of surgical procedure (open or laparoscopic) for which a neuraxial (spinal, epidural,…
Ultrasound guidance showed no clear difference in failed blocks compared with no ultrasound guidance (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pain scores at 1 hour after surgery6 · children (≤ 18 years of age) undergoing any type of surgical procedure (open or laparoscopic) for which a neuraxial (spinal, epidural,…
1 finding from 1 review
Block duration (0 to 1 day) · children (≤ 18 years of age) undergoing any type of surgical procedure (open or laparoscopic) for which a neuraxial (spinal, epidural,…
1 finding from 1 review
Time to perform block · children (≤ 18 years of age) undergoing any type of surgical procedure (open or laparoscopic) for which a neuraxial (spinal, epidural,…
1 finding from 1 review
Number of needle passes · children (≤ 18 years of age) undergoing any type of surgical procedure (open or laparoscopic) for which a neuraxial (spinal, epidural,…
1 finding from 1 review
Minor complications (3 to 6 weeks · children (≤ 18 years of age) undergoing any type of surgical procedure (open or laparoscopic) for which a neuraxial (spinal, epidural,…
Ultrasound guidance showed no clear difference in minor complications compared with no ultrasound guidance (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Major complications · children (≤ 18 years of age) undergoing any type of surgical procedure (open or laparoscopic) for which a neuraxial (spinal, epidural,…
Ultrasound guidance showed no clear difference in major complications compared with no ultrasound guidance (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review