Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,227 questions · 2,562 findings · 156 reviews · All outcomes

No studies found 297 · 11.6%GRADE not reported 1,616 · 63.1%Very low 405 · 15.8%Low 144 · 5.6%Moderate 81 · 3.2%High 19 · 0.7%

Clear aligners (Invisalign / thermoformed aligners) vs Fixed appliances

S. mutans presence · Adolescents/teenagers undergoing orthodontic treatment

A single study found no significant difference in S. mutans presence between aligners and fixed appliances in adolescents at 1 month (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.14; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Problem-driven / less regular dental visiting vs More frequent / regular dental visits

Dental caries · Healthy children and adolescents in the United Arab Emirates

A higher frequency of dental visits was associated with lower caries, while problem-driven visiting was associated with higher severe early childhood caries (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Utilization of dental services assessment (care/restorative index; dental visits) vs None (descriptive prevalence review; subgroup analyses by urban/rural status, country and year)

Dental service utilisation within the past year · Healthy Emirati preschool children in the United Arab Emirates

Utilization of dental services among healthy Emirati preschoolers was very low, with most children never having visited a dentist and very low care indices (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic sclerosis (SSc / scleroderma) vs SSc-free individuals (controls)

DMFT/DMFS index (dental caries experience) · Adults (general and hospital populations assessed in case-control studies)

No statistically significant difference in DMFT index between SSc patients and controls (SMD -0.03, CI includes 0); certainty ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Clear aligners (Invisalign / thermoformed aligners) vs Fixed appliances

Full-mouth bleeding score (FMBS) · Adolescents/teenagers undergoing orthodontic treatment

A single study reported a lower full-mouth bleeding score with aligners versus fixed appliances in adolescents at 12 months (MD -20.44, 95% CI -22.98 to -17.90; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Ulcerative colitis (UC) vs Healthy controls without IBD

Periodontal disease (periodontitis) coincidence · Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and controls without IBD; adults, both sexes

Patients with ulcerative colitis have about 3-fold higher odds of periodontal disease than controls (pooled OR 3.25, 95% CI 2.23-4.74; 5 studies; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic sclerosis (SSc / scleroderma) vs SSc-free individuals (controls)

Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · Adults (general and hospital populations assessed in case-control studies)

Systemic sclerosis patients have significantly reduced mouth opening compared with controls (SMD -1.06); certainty ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review