Intervention not reported
Dyspnoea · adults with COPD who had exertional dyspnoea but did not fulfil the criteria for long‐term oxygen treatment
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Adverse events · adults with COPD who had exertional dyspnoea but did not fulfil the criteria for long‐term oxygen treatment
The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Hospitalisations · adults with COPD who had exertional dyspnoea but did not fulfil the criteria for long‐term oxygen treatment
1 finding from 1 review
Death ‐ 2 years · patients with people with severe mental illnesses
It is very uncertain whether SHORT changes death ‐ 2 years compared with LONG HOSPITAL STAY (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Service outcomes: 3. Leaving hospital prematurely ‐ by 2 years Participants leaving the study prematurely · patients with people with severe mental illnesses
SHORT showed no clear difference in service outcomes: 3. Leaving hospital prematurely ‐ by 2 years… compared with LONG HOSPITAL STAY (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Service outcomes: 4. Discharge delayed beyond the time planned in study ‐ 2‐year data Number of participants kept beyond projected time of discharge · patients with people with severe mental illnesses
SHORT may leads to lower service outcomes: 4. Discharge delayed beyond the time planned in… compared with LONG HOSPITAL STAY (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
General functioning: Unemployed, unable to housekeep or unknown employment status ‐ by 2 years Number of participants with poor occupational functioning in 2 years · patients with people with severe mental illnesses
It is very uncertain whether SHORT changes general functioning: Unemployed, unable to housekeep or unknown… compared with LONG HOSPITAL STAY (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Persistent bacteriuria · children with acute pyelonephritis
Short duration (3 to 4 days) showed no clear difference in persistent bacteriuria after treatment compared with long duration (7 to 14 days) IV therapy (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Recurrent UTI within 6 months · children with acute pyelonephritis
Short duration (3 to 4 days) showed no clear difference in recurrent UTI within 6 months compared with long duration (7 to 14 days) IV therapy (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Persistent renal damage at 3 to 6 months: all included children with acute pyelonephritis · children with acute pyelonephritis
Short duration (3 to 4 days) showed no clear difference in persistent renal damage at 3 to 6 months: all included children with… compared with long duration (7 to 14 days) IV therapy (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Persistent renal damage at 3 to 6 months: children with initial renal parenchymal damage on initial DMSA scan · children with acute pyelonephritis
Short duration (3 to 4 days) showed no clear difference in persistent renal damage at 3 to 6 months: children with initial… compared with long duration (7 to 14 days) IV therapy (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Clinical failure—primary outcome (by intention‐to‐treat analysis) · children with chronic cough of unknown origin lasting longer than 4 weeks
The intervention probably leads to lower clinical failure—primary outcome (by intention‐to‐treat analysis) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
PC‐QOL mean score at 6 weeks PC‐QOL is a 27‐item questionnaire. Each question has a 7‐point score ranging from 1 (worst quality of life) to 7 (best quality of life). Scores for each item were added and the average taken · children with chronic cough of unknown origin lasting longer than 4 weeks
The intervention probably leads to higher PC‐QOL mean score at 6 weeks PC‐QOL is a 27‐item questionnaire. Each… (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Duration of cough post randomisation · children with chronic cough of unknown origin lasting longer than 4 weeks
The intervention showed no clear difference in duration of cough post randomisation (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Proportion of adverse events experienced · children with chronic cough of unknown origin lasting longer than 4 weeks
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate
Intervention not reported
Proportions of participants experiencing adverse events or complications · children with chronic cough of unknown origin lasting longer than 4 weeks
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate
Pregnancy rate · women trying to conceive by intrauterine insemination
Short interval may leads to lower pregnancy rate per couple ‐ 24 hours versus 34 to 36 hours compared with long interval (low certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
OR 0.55 [0.31, 0.98]
2 studies · 234 participants
Low
OR 0.44 [0.1, 1.92]
1 study · 30 participants
Low
OR 0.58 [0.14, 2.48]
1 study · 30 participants
Low
Miscarriage · women trying to conceive by intrauterine insemination
It is very uncertain whether short interval changes miscarriage rate per pregnancy ‐ 24 hours versus 34 to 36 hours compared with long interval (very low certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
OR 1.58 [0.35, 7.16]
2 studies · 67 participants
Very low
OR 4 [0.27, 58.56]
1 study · 15 participants
Very low
OR 1.33 [0.07, 25.91]
1 study · 16 participants
Very low
Live birth rate per couple · women trying to conceive by intrauterine insemination
Short interval showed no clear difference in live birth rate per couple ‐ 24 hours versus 34 to 36 hours compared with long interval (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Duration of diarrhoea · Adults and children with cholera diarrhoea
Short showed no clear difference in diarrhoea duration compared with long duration of antimicrobials (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review