Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,006 questions · 3,171 findings · 607 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 411 · 13%GRADE not reported 153 · 4.8%Very low 968 · 30.5%Low 897 · 28.3%Moderate 589 · 18.6%High 153 · 4.8%

Summary of findings: multimedia education vs control multimedia

Health outcomes Peak expiratory flow readings (higher readings indicate better peak flow) · patients taking prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications or their carers

1 finding from 1 review

Multimedia educational interventions for consumers about prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 116 participants
Low

Summary of findings: multimedia education vs control multimedia

QoL · patients taking prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications or their carers

1 finding from 1 review

Multimedia educational interventions for consumers about prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 269 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings: multimedia education vs control multimedia

Self‐efficacy · patients taking prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications or their carers

1 finding from 1 review

Multimedia educational interventions for consumers about prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 303 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings: multimedia education and a co‐intervention vs co‐intervention alone

Skill acquisition Mean inhaler technique score (%), higher score indicates better technique. Scale from: 0 to 100. · patients taking prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications or their carers

1 finding from 1 review

Multimedia educational interventions for consumers about prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 87 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: multimedia education vs no education or usual care

Health outcomes: Drug misuse and dependence CAGE screening tool. Scale from 0 to 4. Higher score indicates greater probability of drug misuse or dependence · patients taking prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications or their carers

1 finding from 1 review

Multimedia educational interventions for consumers about prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 329 participants
Low

Summary of findings: multimedia education and a co‐intervention vs co‐intervention alone

Self‐efficacy · patients taking prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications or their carers

1 finding from 1 review

Multimedia educational interventions for consumers about prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Low

Summary of findings: multimedia education vs no education or usual care

Self‐efficacy Self‐efficacy for medication adherence (higher score indicates greater self‐efficacy, scale not reported) · patients taking prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications or their carers

1 finding from 1 review

Multimedia educational interventions for consumers about prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 343 participants
Low

T‐cell antibody induction vs no antibody induction

Acute rejection grade II or higher · lung transplant recipients

T‐cell antibody induction showed no clear difference in acute rejection grade II or higher compared with no antibody induction (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibody induction therapy for lung transplant recipients 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.66 [0.43, 1.02]
3 studies · 140 participants
Moderate

Polyclonal T‐cell antibody vs no antibody induction

Acute rejection grade II or higher · lung transplant recipients

Polyclonal T‐cell antibody showed no clear difference in acute rejection grade II or higher compared with no antibody induction (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibody induction therapy for lung transplant recipients 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.68 [0.44, 1.04]
3 studies · 125 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

HIV incidence: high income countries · Serodiscordant couples

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes HIV incidence: high income countries (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antiretroviral therapy for prevention of HIV transmission in HIV‐discordant couples 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.33, 1.83]
2 studies · 1061 participants
Very low

Atypical antipsychotics vs placebo (only short term)

High prolactin at any time during treatment · people with psychosis

1 finding from 1 review

Atypical antipsychotics for psychosis in adolescents 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 107 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Pain end of treatment (0‐10 scale) Higher scores indicate higher pain levels · Patients with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapies for fibromyalgia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
20 studies · 1382 participants
Low

Cognitive‐behavioural intervention vs controls

Health‐related quality of life end of treatment (0‐80 scale) Higher scores indicate lower health‐related quality of life · patients with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapies for fibromyalgia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
13 studies · 1238 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Negative mood end of treatment (0‐10 scale) Higher scores indicate higher negative mood levels · Patients with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapies for fibromyalgia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
18 studies · 1578 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Disability end of treatment (0‐10 scale) Higher scores indicate disability levels · Patients with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapies for fibromyalgia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
15 studies · 1163 participants
Low

Cognitive‐behavioural intervention vs controls

Fatigue · patients with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapies for fibromyalgia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 910 participants
Low

Cognitive‐behavioural intervention vs controls

Participant‐reported sleep problems (scale: 0 to 28; higher scores indicate more sleep problems) · patients with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapies for fibromyalgia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 422 participants
Low

Arnica vs ibuprofen

Pain VAS 0‐100 (higher means worse) · patients with hand osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Topical herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 174 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Pain VAS 0‐100 (higher means worse) · patients with osteoarthritis of the knee

1 finding from 1 review

Topical herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 220 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Function: change from baseline WOMAC VAS (Function; higher means worse) · patients with osteoarthritis of the knee

1 finding from 1 review

Topical herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 220 participants
Moderate