What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Factors that influence the provision of home‐based rehabilitation services for people needing rehabilitation: a… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Factors that influence the provision of home‐based rehabilitation services for people needing rehabilitation: a… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Herbal mouthwash vs Blank control

Herbal mouthwash probably reduces the Gingival Index versus blank control in the short term (WMD -0.20, 95% CI -0.32 to -0.09; moderate certainty).

• The efficacy of mouthwashes on oral microorganisms and gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment:… 2023 All outcomes

  <=3 months (short-term) · Orthodontic patients undergoing orthodontic treatment (randomized controlled trials; multiple countries)
  WMD -0.20 [-0.32, -0.09]
  3 studies · 132 participants
  Moderate

Chlorhexidine mouthwash vs placebo

Chlorhexidine mouthwash reduced Plaque Index versus placebo, but certainty is very low.

• The efficacy of mouthwashes on oral microorganisms and gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment:… 2023 All outcomes

  ≤ 3 months
  Plaque Index was significantly reduced compared to placebos according to two studies [20; 32].
  2 studies
  Very low

Probiotic mouthwash (e.g., Lactobacillus-based) vs Blank control

Probiotic mouthwash has inconsistent effects on Mutans streptococci colony counts versus blank control; the evidence is very uncertain (very low certainty).

• The efficacy of mouthwashes on oral microorganisms and gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment:… 2023 All outcomes

  <=3 months (short-term) · Orthodontic patients undergoing orthodontic treatment (randomized controlled trials; multiple countries)
  Colony count of MS was significantly reduced compared to blank control [53]. Colony count of MS was insignificantly increased compared to baseline [33].
  2 studies
  Very low

Chlorhexidine mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Chlorhexidine mouthwash probably reduces the Gingival Index versus placebo in the short term (WMD -0.45, 95% CI -0.70 to -0.20; low certainty).

• The efficacy of mouthwashes on oral microorganisms and gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment:… 2023 All outcomes

  <=3 months (short-term) · Orthodontic patients undergoing orthodontic treatment (randomized controlled trials; multiple countries)
  WMD -0.45 [-0.70, -0.20]
  3 studies · 98 participants
  Low

Herbal mouthwash vs Blank control

Herbal mouthwash reduced several plaque-related indices, but certainty is very low.

• The efficacy of mouthwashes on oral microorganisms and gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment:… 2023 All outcomes

  ≤ 3 months
  PI was significantly reduced compared to baseline [39; 48; 54; 58]; BBPI was significantly reduced compared to blank control [47]; TI and dental plaque amount were significantly reduced compared to baseline [45; 38].
  8 studies
  Very low

Chlorhexidine mouthwash vs Blank control

Chlorhexidine mouthwash may reduce total bacteria colony counts versus blank control in the short term, but the evidence is very uncertain (very low certainty).

• The efficacy of mouthwashes on oral microorganisms and gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment:… 2023 All outcomes

  <=3 months (short-term) · Orthodontic patients undergoing orthodontic treatment (randomized controlled trials; multiple countries)
  Colony count of total bacteria were significantly reduced compared to placebos according to two studies [34, 43].
  2 studies
  Very low

Herbal mouthwash vs Blank control

Herbal mouthwash reduced some gingival inflammation-related indices, but certainty is very low.

• The efficacy of mouthwashes on oral microorganisms and gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment:… 2023 All outcomes

  ≤ 3 months
  CPI was significantly reduced compared to baseline [35]; SBI was significantly reduced while MGI was similar compared to baseline [45]; BOP was significantly reduced compared to blank control [39].
  3 studies
  Very low

Herbal mouthwash vs Blank control

Herbal mouthwash showed mixed effects on Mutans streptococci, with very low-certainty evidence.

• The efficacy of mouthwashes on oral microorganisms and gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment:… 2023 All outcomes

  ≤ 3 months
  Colony count of MS was significantly reduced compared to baseline [48]; another study found an insignificant reduction compared to baseline [51].
  2 studies
  Very low

Prior SDF application without a rinsing step vs No prior SDF application (untreated dentin control)

SDF pretreatment without a rinsing step does not affect glass-ionomer cement bond strength to caries-affected dentin (MD 0.26 MPa, 95% CI -0.30 to 0.82; ungraded).

• Bonding of Glass-Ionomer Cement and Adhesives to Silver Diamine Fluoride-treated Dentin: An Updated Systematic Review… 2022 All outcomes

  Immediate bond strength · In vitro (laboratory bond-strength testing) · Caries-affected dentin (without rinsing step)
  MD 0.26 [-0.30, 0.82]
  4 studies · 130 participants
  GRADE not reported

Prior SDF application with a rinsing step vs No prior SDF application (untreated dentin control)

SDF pretreatment with a rinsing step does not affect glass-ionomer cement bond strength to sound dentin (MD -1.11 MPa, 95% CI -3.47 to 1.25; ungraded).

• Bonding of Glass-Ionomer Cement and Adhesives to Silver Diamine Fluoride-treated Dentin: An Updated Systematic Review… 2022 All outcomes

  Immediate bond strength · In vitro (laboratory bond-strength testing) · Sound dentin (with rinsing step)
  MD -1.11 [-3.47, 1.25]
  4 studies · 57 participants
  GRADE not reported

Prior SDF application with a rinsing step vs No prior SDF application (untreated dentin control)

SDF pretreatment with a rinsing step does not affect glass-ionomer cement bond strength to caries-affected dentin (MD -0.36 MPa, 95% CI -1.07 to 0.35; ungraded).

• Bonding of Glass-Ionomer Cement and Adhesives to Silver Diamine Fluoride-treated Dentin: An Updated Systematic Review… 2022 All outcomes

  Immediate bond strength · In vitro (laboratory bond-strength testing) · Caries-affected dentin (with rinsing step)
  MD -0.36 [-1.07, 0.35]
  5 studies · 178 participants
  GRADE not reported

Prior application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF), with or without a rinsing step vs No prior SDF application (untreated dentin control)

Prior SDF application does not influence the immediate bond strength of glass-ionomer cement to dentin (MD -0.11 MPa, 95% CI -0.54 to 0.31; ungraded).

• Bonding of Glass-Ionomer Cement and Adhesives to Silver Diamine Fluoride-treated Dentin: An Updated Systematic Review… 2022 All outcomes

  Immediate bond strength · In vitro (laboratory bond-strength testing) · Overall (all dentin conditions and rinsing protocols)
  MD -0.11 [-0.54, 0.31]
  11 studies · 583 participants
  GRADE not reported

Prior SDF application without a rinsing step vs No prior SDF application (untreated dentin control)

SDF pretreatment without a rinsing step does not affect glass-ionomer cement bond strength to sound dentin (MD 0.26 MPa, 95% CI -0.20 to 0.73; ungraded).

• Bonding of Glass-Ionomer Cement and Adhesives to Silver Diamine Fluoride-treated Dentin: An Updated Systematic Review… 2022 All outcomes

  Immediate bond strength · In vitro (laboratory bond-strength testing) · Sound dentin (without rinsing step)
  MD 0.26 [-0.20, 0.73]
  5 studies · 218 participants
  GRADE not reported

Active cycle of breathing techniques plus routine treatment vs routine treatment alone

• Chest physiotherapy for pneumonia in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 32 participants
  Very low

Active cycle of breathing techniques plus routine treatment vs routine treatment alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Chest physiotherapy for pneumonia in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Active cycle of breathing techniques plus routine treatment vs routine treatment alone

• Chest physiotherapy for pneumonia in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 32 participants
  Very low

Active cycle of breathing techniques plus routine treatment vs routine treatment alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Chest physiotherapy for pneumonia in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Active cycle of breathing techniques plus routine treatment vs routine treatment alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Chest physiotherapy for pneumonia in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found