What do systematic reviews say?

Topical ophthalmic anesthetic plus NSAID vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether topical ophthalmic anesthetic plus NSAID changes proportion of participants without complete resolution of epithelial… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Topical ophthalmic anesthetics for corneal abrasions 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.33 [0.04, 2.85]
  1 study · 30 participants
  Very low

Anticoagulant vs placebo or no treatment

Anticoagulant showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

• Prophylactic anticoagulants for non‐hospitalised people with COVID‐19 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.36 [0.04, 3.61]
  5 studies · 1777 participants
  Low

Anticoagulant vs placebo or no treatment

Anticoagulant probably leads to lower venous thromboembolism compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

• Prophylactic anticoagulants for non‐hospitalised people with COVID‐19 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.36 [0.16, 0.85]
  4 studies · 1259 participants
  Moderate

Anticoagulant vs placebo or no treatment

Anticoagulant showed no clear difference in major bleeding compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

• Prophylactic anticoagulants for non‐hospitalised people with COVID‐19 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.36 [0.01, 8.78]
  5 studies · 1777 participants
  Low

Anticoagulant vs placebo or no treatment

Anticoagulant showed no clear difference in deep vein thrombosis compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

• Prophylactic anticoagulants for non‐hospitalised people with COVID‐19 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.3, 3.46]
  3 studies · 1009 participants
  Moderate

Anticoagulant vs placebo or no treatment

Anticoagulant probably leads to lower pulmonary embolism compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

• Prophylactic anticoagulants for non‐hospitalised people with COVID‐19 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.25 [0.08, 0.79]
  3 studies · 1009 participants
  Moderate

Anticoagulant vs placebo or no treatment

Anticoagulant showed no clear difference in need for hospitalisation compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

• Prophylactic anticoagulants for non‐hospitalised people with COVID‐19 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.59, 1.75]
  4 studies · 1459 participants
  Moderate

Anticoagulant vs placebo or no treatment

Anticoagulant showed no clear difference in adverse events (minor bleeding) compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

• Prophylactic anticoagulants for non‐hospitalised people with COVID‐19 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.46 [0.9, 6.72]
  5 studies · 1777 participants
  Low

Systemic TXA vs placebo or usual care

Systemic TXA probably leads to lower blood transfusion compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (moderate certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.45 [0.27, 0.76]
  9 studies · 1353 participants
  Moderate

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo or usual care

Topical TXA probably leads to lower blood transfusion compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (moderate certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.4 [0.2, 0.81]
  1 study · 400 participants
  Moderate

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo or usual care

Topical TXA showed no clear difference in stone‐free rate compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.07 [0.99, 1.17]
  1 study · 400 participants
  Low

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo or usual care

Topical TXA showed no clear difference in thromboembolic events compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (moderate certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RD 0
  1 study · 400 participants
  Moderate

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo or usual care

Topical TXA showed no clear difference in adverse event compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (moderate certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RD 0
  1 study · 400 participants
  Moderate

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo or usual care

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo or usual care

Topical TXA showed no clear difference in major surgical complications compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.69 [0.45, 1.06]
  1 study · 400 participants
  Low

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo or usual care

Topical TXA may leads to lower minor surgical complications compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.73 [0.59, 0.91]
  1 study · 400 participants
  Low

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo or usual care

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo or usual care

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 400 participants
  Moderate

Systemic TXA vs placebo or usual care

Systemic TXA showed no clear difference in stone‐free rate compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.11 [0.98, 1.27]
  4 studies · 603 participants
  Low

Systemic TXA vs placebo or usual care

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  0
  6 studies · 841 participants
  Moderate