Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,695 questions · 4,979 findings · 433 reviews

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No studies found 998 · 20%GRADE not reported 1,140 · 22.9%Very low 1,024 · 20.6%Low 1,029 · 20.7%Moderate 636 · 12.8%High 152 · 3.1%

Primary school-based behavioural intervention (both oral hygiene and dietary components) vs No treatment (or delayed treatment)

Frequency of cariogenic food and drink consumption · Children aged 4 to 12 years attending primary school

1 finding from 1 review

Primary school‐based behavioural interventions for preventing caries 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
Worthington 2001: few children had problems identifying foods containing sugar; only 15% of intervention and 19% of control participants reported routinely consuming sugary snacks on arriving home from school; snacking…
1 study
GRADE not reported

Primary school-based behavioural intervention (both oral hygiene and dietary components) vs No treatment (or delayed treatment)

Frequency of toothbrushing · Children aged 4 to 12 years attending primary school

1 finding from 1 review

Primary school‐based behavioural interventions for preventing caries 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
Worthington 2001 reported children's brushing frequency: almost all children (99%) at baseline reported twice daily brushing, and this level was maintained across all groups throughout the intervention (in baseline…
1 study
GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Oral classical immunosuppressants (prednisolone or cyclosporine) vs placebo

Short‐term hair regrowth ≥ 75% (between 12 and 26 weeks of · adults with alopecia areata

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Oral classical immunosuppressants… changes short‐term hair regrowth ≥ 75% (between 12 and 26 weeks of compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for alopecia areata: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.68 [0.57, 38.27]
2 studies · 79 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Oral classical immunosuppressants (prednisolone or cyclosporine) vs placebo

Incidence of serious adverse events · adults with alopecia areata

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for alopecia areata: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 79 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Oral classical immunosuppressants (prednisolone or cyclosporine) vs placebo

Health‐related quality of life (AQoL‐8D) · adults with alopecia areata

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for alopecia areata: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 36 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Oral classical immunosuppressants (prednisolone or cyclosporine) vs placebo

Long‐term hair regrowth ≥ 75% (greater than 26 weeks of · adults with alopecia areata

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for alopecia areata: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Comparison 2: 2 days oral amoxicillin + injectable gentamicin followed by 5 days oral amoxicillin vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin

Neonatal mortality · neonates with possible serious bacterial infection

Comparison 2: 2 days oral amoxicillin + injectable gentamicin… showed no clear difference in neonatal mortality compared with 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and middle‐income… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.67 [0.24, 1.85]
1 study · 893 participants
Moderate

Comparison 2: 2 days oral amoxicillin + injectable gentamicin followed by 5 days oral amoxicillin vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin

Early neonatal mortality · neonates with possible serious bacterial infection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and middle‐income… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Comparison 2: 2 days oral amoxicillin + injectable gentamicin followed by 5 days oral amoxicillin vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin

Late neonatal mortality · neonates with possible serious bacterial infection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and middle‐income… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Comparison 2: 2 days oral amoxicillin + injectable gentamicin followed by 5 days oral amoxicillin vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin

Sepsis‐specific neonatal mortality · neonates with possible serious bacterial infection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and middle‐income… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Comparison 2: 2 days oral amoxicillin + injectable gentamicin followed by 5 days oral amoxicillin vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin

Treatment failure · neonates with possible serious bacterial infection

Comparison 2: 2 days oral amoxicillin + injectable gentamicin… showed no clear difference in treatment failure compared with 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and middle‐income… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.67 [0.24, 1.85]
1 study · 893 participants
Moderate

Comparison 2: 2 days oral amoxicillin + injectable gentamicin followed by 5 days oral amoxicillin vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin

Adverse events · neonates with possible serious bacterial infection

1 finding from 1 review

Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and middle‐income… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 893 participants
High

Oral paracetamol vs placebo

At least 50% reduction in pain · Patients requiring surgical removal of a lower wisdom tooth or teeth, with baseline moderate to severe pain (surgery under local…

Paracetamol (single oral dose, any dose or formulation; subgroups up… led to higher achieving at least 50% pain relief at 4 hours (using pain intensity… compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

3 findings from 1 review

Paracetamol for pain relief after surgical removal of lower wisdom teeth 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
4 hours
RR 4.87 [2.83, 8.37]
17 studies · 1658 participants
GRADE not reported
Paracetamol for pain relief after surgical removal of lower wisdom teeth 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
6 hours
RR 3.41 [2.34, 4.97]
13 studies · 1184 participants
GRADE not reported
Paracetamol for pain relief after surgical removal of lower wisdom teeth 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
4 hours
RR 2.85 [1.89, 4.29]
16 studies · 1498 participants
GRADE not reported

Oral paracetamol vs placebo

Patients with one or more adverse events · Patients requiring surgical removal of a lower wisdom tooth or teeth, with baseline moderate to severe pain (surgery under local…

Paracetamol (single oral dose, any dose or formulation; subgroups up… showed no clear difference in patients with one or more adverse events compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol for pain relief after surgical removal of lower wisdom teeth 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
up to 7 days
RR 1.19 [0.90, 1.57]
17 studies · 1645 participants
GRADE not reported

Oral paracetamol vs placebo

Participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater · Patients requiring surgical removal of a lower wisdom tooth or teeth, with baseline moderate to severe pain (surgery under local…

Paracetamol (single oral dose, any dose or formulation; subgroups up… led to higher achieving at least 50% pain relief at 6 hours (using pain relief… compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol for pain relief after surgical removal of lower wisdom teeth 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
6 hours
RR 3.32 [1.88, 5.87]
13 studies · 1155 participants
GRADE not reported

Pentoxifylline (oral 400 mg thrice daily) plus meglumine antimoniate (IMMA) (20 mg/ kg /day for 20 days) vs IMMA plus placebo

Complete cure, at least 3 months after the end of treatment · People with American cutaneous leishmaniasis

Pentoxifylline (oral 400 mg thrice daily) plus meglumine antimoniate… showed no clear difference in complete cure, at least 3 months after the end of treatment compared with IMMA plus placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.63, 1.18]
1 study · 70 participants
Moderate

Pentoxifylline (oral 400 mg thrice daily) plus meglumine antimoniate (IMMA) (20 mg/ kg /day for 20 days) vs IMMA plus placebo

Adverse effects · People with American cutaneous leishmaniasis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 70 participants
Moderate

Pentoxifylline (oral 400 mg thrice daily) plus meglumine antimoniate (IMMA) (20 mg/ kg /day for 20 days) vs IMMA plus placebo

Recurrence ‐ not measured · People with American cutaneous leishmaniasis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Comparison 2: 2 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin followed by 5 days oral amoxicillin vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin

Neonatal mortality · neonates with possible serious bacterial infection

Comparison 2: 2 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable… showed no clear difference in neonatal mortality compared with 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and middle‐income… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.29, 2.65]
3 studies · 2036 participants
Low

Comparison 2: 2 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin followed by 5 days oral amoxicillin vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin

Early neonatal mortality · neonates with possible serious bacterial infection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and middle‐income… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found