What do systematic reviews say?

Beta‐blockers vs control—cardiac surgery

Beta‐blocker showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (30 days)—cardiac surgery compared with control—cardiac surgery (moderate certainty).

• Perioperative beta‐blockers for preventing surgery‐related mortality and morbidity 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.73 [0.35, 1.52]
  24 studies · 3783 participants
  Moderate

Beta‐blockers vs control—non‐cardiac surgery

Beta‐blocker showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (30 days)—non‐cardiac surgery compared with control—non‐cardiac surgery (low certainty).

• Perioperative beta‐blockers for preventing surgery‐related mortality and morbidity 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.25 [1, 1.57]
  13 studies · 11413 participants
  Low

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions vs no intervention or another intervention

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions showed no clear difference in reminder (to hospital staff to vaccinate patient) compared to… compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).

• Interventions to increase influenza vaccination rates of those 60 years and older in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.7 [0.51, 5.7]
  1 study · 45 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

• Prosthetic rehabilitation for older dysvascular people following a unilateral transfemoral amputation 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 10 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Prosthetic rehabilitation for older dysvascular people following a unilateral transfemoral amputation 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in length of acute hospital stay (days) (low certainty).

• Very early versus delayed mobilisation after stroke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 1.44
  8 studies · 2551 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Vitamin A and beta (β)‐carotene supplementation for cystic fibrosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 24 participants
  Low

Honey vs placebo

• Honey for acute cough in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 participants
  GRADE not reported

Honey vs placebo

• Honey for acute cough in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 participants
  GRADE not reported

Honey vs salbutamol

• Honey for acute cough in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 participants
  GRADE not reported

Honey vs salbutamol

• Honey for acute cough in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 participants
  GRADE not reported

Honey vs salbutamol

• Honey for acute cough in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 100 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Pharmacological detoxification treatment vs other pharmacological detoxification treatment

• Pharmacological therapies for management of opium withdrawal 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  72 participants
  Very low
• Pharmacological therapies for management of opium withdrawal 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 40 participants
  Low
• Pharmacological therapies for management of opium withdrawal 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  60 participants
  Very low

Hypocaloric nutrition vs control

• Prescribed hypocaloric nutrition support for critically‐ill adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 2611 participants
  Very low

Hypocaloric nutrition vs control

• Prescribed hypocaloric nutrition support for critically‐ill adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 1677 participants
  Very low

Hypocaloric nutrition vs control

• Prescribed hypocaloric nutrition support for critically‐ill adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 2942 participants
  Very low

Hypocaloric nutrition vs control

• Prescribed hypocaloric nutrition support for critically‐ill adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  12 studies · 3000 participants
  Very low