Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,289 questions · 2,331 findings · 195 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 480 · 20.6%GRADE not reported 288 · 12.4%Very low 467 · 20%Low 630 · 27%Moderate 338 · 14.5%High 128 · 5.5%

Summary of findings ‐ Nipple stimulation (suckling) vs no treatment (comparison 1)

Retained placenta · nipple stimulation (suckling) for preventing postpartum haemorrhage in the third stage of labour.

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings ‐ Nipple stimulation (suckling) changes retained placenta compared with no treatment (comparison 1) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings ‐ Nipple stimulation (suckling) vs no treatment (comparison 1)

Perinatal mortality · nipple stimulation (suckling) for preventing postpartum haemorrhage in the third stage of labour.

Summary of findings ‐ Nipple stimulation (suckling) showed no clear difference in perinatal death compared with no treatment (comparison 1) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings ‐ Nipple stimulation (suckling) vs no treatment (comparison 1)

Maternal admission to hospital · nipple stimulation (suckling) for preventing postpartum haemorrhage in the third stage of labour.

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings ‐ Nipple stimulation (suckling) changes maternal admission to hospital compared with no treatment (comparison 1) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Amnioinfusion vs no amnioinfusion

Perinatal death or severe morbidity · pregnant women with confirmed or suspected chorioamnionitis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Amnioinfusion vs no amnioinfusion

Postpartum endometritis · pregnant women with confirmed or suspected chorioamnionitis

Amnioinfusion showed no clear difference in postpartum endometritis compared with no amnioinfusion (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Amnioinfusion vs no amnioinfusion

Neonatal infection · pregnant women with confirmed or suspected chorioamnionitis

Amnioinfusion showed no clear difference in neonatal infection compared with no amnioinfusion (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Amnioinfusion vs no amnioinfusion

Caesarean section · pregnant women with confirmed or suspected chorioamnionitis

Amnioinfusion showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with no amnioinfusion (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Balanced protein and energy supplementation vs no intervention or control intervention (control)

Small‐for‐gestational age · pregnant women

Balanced protein and energy supplementation probably leads to lower small‐for‐gestational age compared with control or no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review