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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,411 questions · 5,986 findings · 226 reviews · Oral Health

No studies found 1,305 · 21.8%GRADE not reported 2,988 · 49.9%Very low 1,030 · 17.2%Low 476 · 8%Moderate 156 · 2.6%High 31 · 0.5%

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Acupressure at P6 point with device plus sedation vs Sham (dummy) acupressure with sedation

Adverse effects · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials enrolled adults

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorine dioxide + zinc mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

Chlorine dioxide + zinc mouthwash led to lower volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter compared with placebo mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

1000 mg champignon extract vs 50 mg champignon extract

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

It is very uncertain whether 1000 mg champignon extract changes patient-reported visual analogue scale (VAS) score (scale 0 to 100) compared with 50 mg champignon extract (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Essential oil mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

It is very uncertain whether essential oil mouthwash changes dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) compared with placebo mouthwash (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupressure at P6 point with thumb plus sedation vs Sham (dummy) acupressure with sedation

Presence or absence of gagging · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials enrolled adults

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Cinnamon herbal mouthwash; Nanosil (hydrogen peroxide) mouthwash; Irsha mouthwash vs Water (negative control) and zinc solution (positive control)

Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Talebian 2009 (cross-over study) tested cinnamon herbal, Nanosil and Irsha mouthwashes versus water (negative control) and zinc solution (positive control); VSC by halimeter. We could not include the results in the…
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo)

Need for and dose of clotting factor concentrates · People with haemophilia (A or B) undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions
1 finding from 1 review

Dental cavity liner (e.g. calcium hydroxide, glass ionomer, resin-modified glass ionomer, or flowable composite) placed under the restoration vs No liner (resin-based composite bonded directly to the tooth)

Cost of materials · Adults or children with a Class I or Class II resin-based composite restoration in a permanent posterior tooth
1 finding from 1 review

Acupressure at P6 point with device plus sedation vs Sham (dummy) acupressure with sedation

Presence or absence of gagging · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials enrolled adults

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

2400 to 2800 ppm F toothpaste vs 440 to 550 ppm F toothpaste

Caries increment, surface index D(M)FS · Children and adolescents with immature permanent dentition (aged 5 to 16 years at study start)

2400 to 2800 ppm F toothpaste may leads to lower caries increment, surface index D(M)FS compared with 440 to 550 ppm F toothpaste (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Two-phase oil-water mouthrinse (0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride) vs Control mouthwash

Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

Oil water two-phase mouthwash (with cetylpyridinium chloride) showed no clear difference in volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), sulphide monitor compared with control mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Dental cavity liner (e.g. calcium hydroxide, glass ionomer, resin-modified glass ionomer, or flowable composite) placed under the restoration vs No liner (resin-based composite bonded directly to the tooth)

Postoperative hypersensitivity (POH), cold response measurement (VAS score) · Adults or children with a Class I or Class II resin-based composite restoration in a permanent posterior tooth

Dental cavity liner (e.g. calcium hydroxide, glass ionomer,… showed no clear difference in postoperative hypersensitivity (POH), cold response measurement (VAS… compared with no liner (resin-based composite bonded directly to the tooth); GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

1000 to 1250 ppm F toothpaste vs Non-fluoride (0 ppm F) placebo toothpaste

Proportion developing new caries · Children and adolescents with immature permanent dentition (aged 5 to 16 years at study start)

1000 to 1250 ppm F toothpaste showed no clear difference in proportion developing new caries compared with non-fluoride (0 ppm F) placebo toothpaste (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupressure at P6 point with device vs sham

Reduction in gagging (patient-reported) · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials enrolled adults

It is very uncertain whether acupressure at P6 point with device changes reduction in gagging (patient-reported) compared with sham (dummy) acupressure (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Triclosan mouthwash (with and without alcohol); zinc lactate + chlorhexidine + cetylpyridinium mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

OLT and VSC scores · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Lopez Jornet 2003 (4-arm RCT) compared triclosan mouthwash with and without alcohol and a zinc lactate + chlorhexidine + cetylpyridinium mouthwash versus placebo mouthwash (VSC by halimeter and OLT). We could not…
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

1000 mg champignon extract vs placebo

Dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
    mean 2 weeks
    Dentist-reported OLT score: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for dentist-reported OLT score.
    0 studies
    No studies found

Oral hygiene interventions (mechanical plaque removal): knowledge-based, behavioural, or skills training for people with ID or their carers vs Usual care, no care, or a similar alternative intervention

Any unintended (positive or negative) effects of the interventions · People with intellectual disabilities (ID), living at home, in day care, in hospital or in a residential care setting; all levels of ID as…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Adverse/unintended effects addressed narratively: 10 of 34 studies investigated or reported negative unintended or adverse effects (e.g. difficulty with the electric or 3-headed toothbrushes, being frightened by the…
    10 studies
    GRADE not reported

Slow-release fluoride device (fluoride glass beads) vs Fluoride mouthrinse

Adverse effects · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)
1 finding from 1 review