All‐cause death ( · preventing the progression of CKD
It is very uncertain whether metformin changes all‐cause death ( compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events ( · preventing the progression of CKD
Metformin showed no clear difference in serious adverse events ( compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Withdrew due to intolerance ( · preventing the progression of CKD
Metformin probably leads to higher withdrew due to intolerance ( compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Dose tolerability ( · preventing the progression of CKD
1 finding from 1 review
Kidney failure · preventing the progression of CKD
It is very uncertain whether metformin changes kidney failure (median compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Change in proteinuria (1 year) · preventing the progression of CKD
1 finding from 1 review
Change in eGFR · preventing the progression of CKD
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause death ( · preventing the progression of CKD
Metformin showed no clear difference in all‐cause death ( compared with active control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal anaemia · pregnant women
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin B12 supplementation changes maternal anaemia compared with placebo/no vitamin B12 supplementation (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal vitamin B12 deficiency · pregnant women
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin B12 supplementation changes maternal vitamin B12 deficiency compared with placebo/no vitamin B12 supplementation (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Miscarriage and spontaneous abortion · pregnant women
1 finding from 1 review
Low birthweight · pregnant women
Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin B12 supplementation showed no clear difference in low birthweight (< 2500 g) compared with placebo/no vitamin B12 supplementation (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Child cognitive outcomes · pregnant women
1 finding from 1 review
Neural tube defects ‐ not reported · pregnant women
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Number of continuously abstinent women ‐ total · stopping or reducing alcohol consumption during pregnancy
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention may leads to higher number of continuously abstinent women ‐ total compared with treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of drinks per day ‐ total · stopping or reducing alcohol consumption during pregnancy
1 finding from 1 review
Number of women who completed treatment ‐ total · stopping or reducing alcohol consumption during pregnancy
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention showed no clear difference in number of women who completed treatment ‐ total compared with treatment (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events ‐ not measured · stopping or reducing alcohol consumption during pregnancy
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Withdrawal signs and symptoms ‐ not measured · stopping or reducing alcohol consumption during pregnancy
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Infant hospitalisation with laboratory‐confirmed RSV disease · pregnant women
Respiratory syncytial virus vaccine leads to lower infant hospitalisation with laboratory‐confirmed RSV disease compared with placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review