Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,173 questions in 89 reviews · Neuromuscular
current versionsNo studies 302 · 25.7%Ungraded 119 · 10.1%Very low 267 · 22.8%Low 239 · 20.4%Moderate 177 · 15.1%High 69 · 5.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Aerobic exercise and strength training vs no training Pain · people with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy Strength training and aerobic exercise training for muscle disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aerobic exercise and strength training vs no training Experienced fatigue · people with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy Strength training and aerobic exercise training for muscle disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Aerobic exercise and strength training vs no training Adverse effects requiring withdrawal · people with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy Strength training and aerobic exercise training for muscle disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Aerobic exercise and strength training vs no training Muscle strength · children and adolescents with juvenile dermatomyositis Strength training and aerobic exercise training for muscle disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Aerobic exercise and strength training vs no training Aerobic capacity · children and adolescents with juvenile dermatomyositis Strength training and aerobic exercise training for muscle disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Aerobic exercise and strength training vs no training Time‐scored functional assessments of muscle performance: distance walked in meters · children and adolescents with juvenile dermatomyositis Strength training and aerobic exercise training for muscle disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Aerobic exercise and strength training vs no training Quality of life · children and adolescents with juvenile dermatomyositis Strength training and aerobic exercise training for muscle disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Strength training vs no training Adverse effects requiring withdrawal · people with myotonic dystrophy Strength training and aerobic exercise training for muscle disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Aerobic exercise and strength training vs no training Pain · children and adolescents with juvenile dermatomyositis Strength training and aerobic exercise training for muscle disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Aerobic exercise and strength training vs no training Experienced fatigue · children and adolescents with juvenile dermatomyositis Strength training and aerobic exercise training for muscle disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Aerobic exercise and strength training vs no training Adverse effects requiring withdrawal · children and adolescents with juvenile dermatomyositis Strength training and aerobic exercise training for muscle disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Strength training vs no training Muscle strength: maximum voluntary isometric contraction · people with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy Strength training and aerobic exercise training for muscle disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Strength training vs no training Aerobic capacity · people with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy Strength training and aerobic exercise training for muscle disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intrathecal injected nusinersen vs sham procedure Time from birth until death or full‐time ventilationa · infants with SMA and 2 SMN2 copies Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy type I (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.53 [0.32, 0.89] | 1 study · 121 participants | Moderate |
Riluzole vs placebo Acquisition of the ability to sit · children with SMA type I Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy type I (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 10 participants | Very low |
Riluzole vs placebo Acquisition of the ability to stand · children with SMA type I Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy type I (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Riluzole vs placebo Change in motor disability score · children with SMA type I Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy type I (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Riluzole vs placebo Adverse events attributable to treatment · children with SMA type I Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy type I (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 10 participants | Very low |
Riluzole vs placebo Severe adverse events attributable to treatment · children with SMA type I Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy type I (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 10 participants | Very low |
Intrathecal injected nusinersen vs sham procedure Acquisition of head control within one year after the onset of treatment · infants with SMA and 2 SMN2 copies Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy type I (2019) · Cochrane | RR 16.95 [1.04, 274.84] | 1 study · 110 participants | Moderate |
Intrathecal injected nusinersen vs sham procedure Acquisition of the ability to sit within one year after the onset of treatment · infants with SMA and 2 SMN2 copies Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy type I (2019) · Cochrane | RR 6.68 [0.39, 115.38] | 1 study · 110 participants | Moderate |
Intrathecal injected nusinersen vs sham procedure Acquisition of the ability to stand within one year after the onset of treatment · infants with SMA and 2 SMN2 copies Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy type I (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.54 [0.06, 36.92] | 1 study · 110 participants | Moderate |
Intrathecal injected nusinersen vs sham procedure Change in motor disability score ‐ response on HINE‐2 within one year after the onset of treatmente · infants with SMA and 2 SMN2 copies Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy type I (2019) · Cochrane | RR 38.51 [2.43, 610.14] | 1 study · 110 participants | Moderate |
Intrathecal injected nusinersen vs sham procedure Adverse events attributable to treatment Measured as adverse events (all) · infants with SMA and 2 SMN2 copies Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy type I (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.92, 1.05] | 1 study · 121 participants | Moderate |
Intrathecal injected nusinersen vs sham procedure Severe adverse events attributable to treatment Measured as severe adverse events (all) · infants with SMA and 2 SMN2 copies Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy type I (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.7 [0.55, 0.89] | 1 study · 121 participants | Moderate |
Riluzole vs placebo Time from birth until death or full‐time ventilation · children with SMA type I Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy type I (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 10 participants | Very low |
Riluzole vs placebo Acquisition of head control · children with SMA type I Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy type I (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR In‐hospital death from any cause occurring within 4 weeks of randomization or the beginning of treatment · individuals with infant botulism Medical treatment for botulism (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 122 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Duration of hospitalization (in weeks) · individuals with infant botulism Medical treatment for botulism (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 122 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Duration of mechanical ventilation (in weeks) · individuals with infant botulism Medical treatment for botulism (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 59 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Duration of tube or parenteral feeding (in weeks) · individuals with infant botulism Medical treatment for botulism (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 122 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Risk of adverse events (until time of hospital discharge) · individuals with infant botulism Medical treatment for botulism (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.72, 1.18] | 1 study · 129 participants | Moderate |
Acetyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo Pain at 6 months or more; all doses Assessed by change from baseline, using a 0‐ to 100‐mm VAS, where higher scores indicate more pain) · people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy Acetyl‐L‐carnitine for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 540 participants | Very low |
Acetyl‐L‐carnitine vs methylcobalamin Impairment of sensation: quantitative sensory testing ‐ thermal threshold ‐ at 6 months or more · the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy Acetyl‐L‐carnitine for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acetyl‐L‐carnitine vs methylcobalamin Symptom quality and severity Assessed by NSS score (range of possible scores 0 to 9; higher scores indicate more symptoms) · the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy Acetyl‐L‐carnitine for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 232 participants | Low |
Acetyl‐L‐carnitine vs methylcobalamin Adverse events · the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy Acetyl‐L‐carnitine for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.68, 1.52] | 1 study · 232 participants | Low |
Acetyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo Functional impairment and disability Assessed by NIS or NDS at 6 months or more · people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy Acetyl‐L‐carnitine for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acetyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo Impairment of sensation Assessed by quantitative sensory testing ‐ vibration perception threshold ‐ at 6 months or more · people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy Acetyl‐L‐carnitine for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 341 participants | Very low |
Acetyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo Impairment of sensation Assessed by quantitative sensory testing ‐ thermal threshold ‐ at 6 months or more · people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy Acetyl‐L‐carnitine for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acetyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo Symptom quality and severity Assessed by change in symptom score on a validated screening questionnaire (NSS or MNSI) at 6 months or more · people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy Acetyl‐L‐carnitine for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 participants | Ungraded |
Acetyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo Adverse events: any adverse event, adverse events requiring withdrawal, and serious adverse events · people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy Acetyl‐L‐carnitine for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 540 participants | Low |
Acetyl‐L‐carnitine vs methylcobalamin Pain at 6 months or more · the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy Acetyl‐L‐carnitine for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acetyl‐L‐carnitine vs methylcobalamin Functional impairment and disability Assessed by change in NDS score (range of possible scores from 0 (normal function) to 10 (maximal disability) · the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy Acetyl‐L‐carnitine for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 232 participants | Low |
Acetyl‐L‐carnitine vs methylcobalamin Impairment of sensation: quantitative sensory testing ‐ vibration perception threshold ‐ at 6 months or more · the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy Acetyl‐L‐carnitine for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respiratory muscle training vs sham training Measures of lung capacity over the short term (less than 3 months) (change from baseline in % predicted FVC) · people with ALS Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 46 participants | Low |
Respiratory muscle training vs sham training Measures of lung capacity over the long term (greater than 1 year) · children and young males with DMD Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respiratory muscle training vs sham training Physical function in carrying out activities of daily living · children and young males with DMD Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respiratory muscle training vs sham training Quality of life · children and young males with DMD Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respiratory muscle training vs sham training Number of unscheduled hospitalizations for episodes of chest infection or acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory failure within 1 year of randomization · children and young males with DMD Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respiratory muscle training vs sham training All adverse events · children and young males with DMD Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |