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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

329 questions · 345 findings · 49 reviews · Schizophrenia

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No studies found 23 · 6.7%GRADE not reported 17 · 4.9%Very low 117 · 33.9%Low 87 · 25.2%Moderate 91 · 26.4%High 10 · 2.9%

Acupuncture vs TCM DRUG

Global state: not improved ‐ short‐term GAF · patients with schizophrenia

ACUPUNCTURE may leads to lower global state: Not improved, endpoint (short‐term) ‐ Not improved (no… compared with TCM DRUG (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ACUPUNCTURE added to STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ACUPUNCTURE added to STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS changes behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) compared with STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture vs TCM DRUG

Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia
1 finding from 1 review

ELECTRIC ACUPUNCTURE CONVULSIVE THERAPY vs ECT

Adverse effects: Spinal fracture (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

ELECTRIC ACUPUNCTURE CONVULSIVE THERAPY may leads to lower adverse effects: Spinal fracture (short‐term) compared with ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ACUPUNCTURE added to STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Adverse effects: Central Nervous System ‐ insomnia (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

ACUPUNCTURE added to STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS may leads to lower adverse effects: Central Nervous System ‐ insomnia (short‐term) compared with STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ACUPUNCTURE added to LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Mental state: 2. Not improved (BPRS, < 30% decrease in BPRS score) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ACUPUNCTURE added to LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS changes mental state: BPRS (not improved, reduced rate < 30%, short‐term) compared with STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

SULPIRIDE vs placebo

Mental state: 2. Specific‐ Positive symptoms, total score‐ average endpoint scores (SADS‐C‐PD scale, lower = better) · patients with schizophrenia
1 finding from 1 review

SULPIRIDE vs placebo

Mental state: average score for negative symptoms ‐ by short term Manchester Scale, negative subset endpoint. Scale from: 0 to 20. · patients with schizophrenia
1 finding from 1 review

TRIFLUOPERAZINE vs placebo

Severe adverse effects ‐ short term Numbers of participants leaving the studies due to severe adverse effects · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether TRIFLUOPERAZINE changes severe adverse effects ‐ short term Numbers of participants leaving… compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PIMOZIDE vs antipsychotics

Adverse effects: extrapyramidal adverse effectsParkinsonism (rigidity) short term (< 3 months) Clinical diagnoses · patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses

PIMOZIDE showed no clear difference in adverse effects: extrapyramidal adverse effectsParkinsonism… compared with ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PIMOZIDE vs placebo

Adverse effects: extrapyramidal adverse effects Parkinsonism (rigidity) short term (< 3 months) Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS) · patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses

It is very uncertain whether PIMOZIDE changes adverse effects: extrapyramidal adverse effects: Parkinsonism… compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

DANCE THERAPY vs usual care

Clinical global response‐leaving the study early (short term) · patients with schizophrenia

DANCE THERAPY showed no clear difference in clinical global response‐leaving the study early (short term) compared with STANDARD CARE (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

BENZODIAZEPINES AS SOLE TREATMENT vs placebo

No clinically important response to treatment ‐ short term · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether BENZODIAZEPINES AS SOLE TREATMENT changes no clinically important response to treatment ‐ short term compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review