Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,890 questions · 3,917 findings · 272 reviews · All outcomes

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No studies found 429 · 11%GRADE not reported 2,657 · 67.8%Very low 512 · 13.1%Low 219 · 5.6%Moderate 80 · 2%High 20 · 0.5%

Prednisone vs placebo

Oral mucositis (severe) · Patients with cancer receiving radiotherapy, chemotherapy or targeted therapies

Prednisone showed no clear difference in oral mucositis (severe) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing oral mucositis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
Median 28 days
RR 0.64 [0.17, 2.45]
1 study · 66 participants
GRADE not reported

Prednisone vs placebo

Oral mucositis (moderate to severe) · Patients with cancer receiving radiotherapy, chemotherapy or targeted therapies

Prednisone showed no clear difference in oral mucositis (moderate to severe) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing oral mucositis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
Median 28 days
RR 0.71 [0.47, 1.07]
1 study · 66 participants
GRADE not reported

Polaprezinc vs Azulene oral rinse

Salivary flow rate · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
No data on salivary flow rates were reported.
0 studies
No studies found

Polaprezinc vs Azulene oral rinse

Side effects · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
No data on adverse events were reported.
0 studies
No studies found

Polaprezinc vs Azulene oral rinse

Survival · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
Tumour response by RECIST criteria reported for a specific group of patients only; no usable survival data (Watanabe 2010)
1 study
GRADE not reported

Polaprezinc vs Azulene oral rinse

Taste disturbance (severe, > 2 on 0-3 scale) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region

Polaprezinc led to lower taste disturbance (severe, > 2 on 0-3 scale) compared with azulene oral rinse; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
Over RT period
RR 0.12 [0.02, 0.83]
1 study · 31 participants
GRADE not reported

Polaprezinc vs Azulene oral rinse

Xerostomia (severe) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region

Polaprezinc led to lower xerostomia (severe) compared with azulene oral rinse; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
End of RT
RR 0.17 [0.04, 0.65]
1 study · 31 participants
GRADE not reported

Polaprezinc vs Azulene oral rinse

Oral pain · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region

Polaprezinc led to lower oral pain (severe, > 2 on 0-3 scale) compared with azulene oral rinse; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
Over RT period
RR 0.36 [0.17, 0.77]
1 study · 31 participants
GRADE not reported

Polaprezinc vs Azulene oral rinse

Disability of oral intake · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region

Polaprezinc showed no clear difference in disability of oral intake compared with azulene oral rinse; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
Over RT period
RR 0.31 [0.07, 1.31]
1 study · 31 participants
GRADE not reported

Polaprezinc vs Azulene

Oral mucositis (moderate to severe) · Patients with cancer receiving radiotherapy, chemotherapy or targeted therapies

Polaprezinc led to lower oral mucositis (moderate to severe) compared with azulene; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing oral mucositis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
Median 28 days
RR 0.43 [0.22, 0.84]
1 study · 31 participants
GRADE not reported

Polaprezinc vs Azulene

Oral mucositis (any severity) · Patients with cancer receiving radiotherapy, chemotherapy or targeted therapies

Polaprezinc showed no clear difference in oral mucositis (any severity) compared with azulene; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing oral mucositis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
Median 28 days
RR 0.82 [0.63, 1.06]
1 study · 31 participants
GRADE not reported

Polaprezinc vs Azulene

Oral mucositis (severe) · Patients with cancer receiving radiotherapy, chemotherapy or targeted therapies

Polaprezinc led to lower oral mucositis (severe) compared with azulene; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing oral mucositis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
Median 28 days
RR 0.09 [0.01, 0.65]
1 study · 31 participants
GRADE not reported

Dental crowding present vs Dental spacing present

Spontaneous space closure · Children and adolescents after extraction of a mandibular permanent first molar (before eruption of the second molar)

One study found space closure more likely with crowding than spacing (OR 5.9; single study; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Spontaneous space closure after extraction of permanent first molars in children and adolescents: a systematic review… 2024 All outcomes
Until eruption of the permanent second molar (median follow-up 4.0 years) · University clinics and hospitals in 8 countries (children/adolescents <18 years) · Overall
OR 5.9 [1.3, 27.7]
1 study
GRADE not reported

Polyether impression material vs Polyvinyl siloxane impression material

Pulp necrosis · Vital teeth

The pooled incidence with polyether impression material was 4.02%.

2 findings from 1 review

Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Polyether
Proportion 4.02 [2.47, 5.92]
2985 participants
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Polyvinyl siloxane
Proportion 3.17 [1.55, 5.34]
636 participants
GRADE not reported

Pre-operative bone level < 35% vs Pre-operative bone level ≥ 35%

Periapical pathosis incidence · Vital teeth

One study reported a 1.4% incidence with bone level < 35%.

2 findings from 1 review

Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Bone level < 35%
Proportion 1.4
1 study
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Bone level ≥ 35%
Proportion 0
1 study
GRADE not reported

Acupressure at P6 point with thumb vs sham

Completion of dental treatment · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials enrolled adults

It is very uncertain whether acupressure at P6 point with thumb changes completion of dental procedure compared with sham (dummy) acupressure (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 0.85 [0.50, 1.46]
1 study · 30 participants
Very low

Acupressure at P6 point with thumb vs sham

Adverse effects · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials enrolled adults

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
None of the trials comparing acupressure with thumb, device or sea band to sham acupressure with or without sedation reported adverse effects.
0 studies
No studies found

Acupressure at P6 point with thumb vs sham

Reduction in gagging (patient-reported) · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials enrolled adults

It is very uncertain whether acupressure at P6 point with thumb changes reduction in gagging (patient-reported) compared with sham (dummy) acupressure (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 0.92 [0.60, 1.41]
1 study · 30 participants
Very low

Genetically predicted periodontitis vs Lower genetically predicted periodontitis liability

Lumbar spine and pelvis fracture · European GWAS participants

The SVMR Weighted Median interval included the null.

3 findings from 1 review

From teeth to bone: dental caries has causal effects on osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture. 2025 All outcomes
Summary-level GWAS · SVMR Weighted Median
OR 1.058 [0.966, 1.158]
490700 participants
GRADE not reported
From teeth to bone: dental caries has causal effects on osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture. 2025 All outcomes
Summary-level GWAS · SVMR MR-Egger
OR 1.036 [0.956, 1.122]
490700 participants
GRADE not reported
From teeth to bone: dental caries has causal effects on osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture. 2025 All outcomes
Summary-level GWAS · SVMR Maximum Likelihood
OR 1.055 [0.983, 1.132]
490700 participants
GRADE not reported

Genetically predicted periodontitis vs Lower genetically predicted periodontitis liability

Osteoporosis · European GWAS participants

The SVMR MR-Egger interval included the null.

4 findings from 1 review

From teeth to bone: dental caries has causal effects on osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture. 2025 All outcomes
Summary-level GWAS · SVMR MR-Egger
OR 1.001 [0.918, 1.093]
483725 participants
GRADE not reported
From teeth to bone: dental caries has causal effects on osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture. 2025 All outcomes
Summary-level GWAS · SVMR Maximum Likelihood
OR 0.998 [0.934, 1.067]
483725 participants
GRADE not reported
From teeth to bone: dental caries has causal effects on osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture. 2025 All outcomes
Summary-level GWAS · SVMR Weighted Median
OR 1.002 [0.925, 1.086]
483725 participants
GRADE not reported

Show 1 more finding

From teeth to bone: dental caries has causal effects on osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture. 2025 All outcomes
Summary-level GWAS · SVMR IVW
OR 0.998 [0.933, 1.067]
483725 participants
GRADE not reported