What do systematic reviews say?

Children: prednisolone vs dexamethasone

• Different oral corticosteroid regimens for acute asthma 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 328 participants
  Very low

Multiple treatment of beta₂‐agonist via spacer (chamber) vs nebuliser

• Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta‐agonist treatment of acute asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  9 studies · 670 participants
  Moderate

Multiple treatment of beta₂‐agonist via spacer (chamber) vs nebuliser

• Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta‐agonist treatment of acute asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 376 participants
  High

IV + inhaled beta agonist vs inhaled beta‐agonist

IV + inhaled beta agonist showed no clear difference in pulse rate at 2 hours compared with inhaled beta‐agonist (moderate certainty).

• Addition of intravenous beta₂‐agonists to inhaled beta₂‐agonists for acute asthma 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 10
  1 study · 29 participants
  Moderate

PPI plus usual care vs usual care alone or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

PPI plus usual care may leads to lower exacerbation rate (participants with one or more) study duration: 12… compared with usual care alone or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (low certainty).

• Proton pump inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.46 [0.26, 0.81]
  1 study · 100 participants
  Low

PPI plus usual care vs usual care alone or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Proton pump inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

PPI plus usual care vs usual care alone or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Proton pump inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

PPI plus usual care vs usual care alone or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Proton pump inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

PPI plus usual care vs usual care alone or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether PPI plus usual care changes acute respiratory infections study duration: 12 months compared with usual care alone or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (very low certainty).

• Proton pump inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.67, 1.39]
  1 study · 100 participants
  Very low

PPI plus usual care vs usual care alone or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Proton pump inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether self‐management interventions changes respiratory‐related hospital admissions compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Self‐management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.75 [0.57, 0.98]
  3263 participants
  Very low
• Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.69 [0.51, 0.94]
  14 studies · 3157 participants
  Moderate

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

Self‐management interventions showed no clear difference in respiratory‐related mortality compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Self‐management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.7 [0.89, 3.26]
  1572 participants
  Low
• Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.94 [1.2, 3.13]
  7 studies · 1219 participants
  Very low

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

Self‐management interventions showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Self‐management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.86 [0.59, 1.26]
  5719 participants
  Low
• Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.06 [0.71, 1.59]
  16 studies · 3296 participants
  Moderate

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

Self‐management interventions showed no clear difference in all‐cause hospital admissions compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Self‐management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.88 [0.71, 1.08]
  2633 participants
  Moderate
• Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.74 [0.54, 1.03]
  10 studies · 2467 participants
  Moderate

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

• Self‐management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1401 participants
  Moderate
• Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 740 participants
  Moderate

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

• Inhaled corticosteroids versus placebo for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 10316 participants
  Moderate

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

• Inhaled corticosteroids versus placebo for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 2507 participants
  Moderate

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

• Inhaled corticosteroids versus placebo for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 12502 participants
  Moderate

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

Summary of findings table ‐ ICS showed no clear difference in mortality compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Inhaled corticosteroids versus placebo for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.94 [0.84, 1.07]
  10 studies · 16636 participants
  Moderate

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

Summary of findings table ‐ ICS may leads to higher pneumonia compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Inhaled corticosteroids versus placebo for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.38 [1.02, 1.88]
  9 studies · 14831 participants
  Low