Intervention not reported
Overall communication skills Different scales used by different studies: total scores vary across communication items or average score on a Likert scale Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Empathy Different scales used by different studies: average empathy score across several items or average score on a 5‐ to 9‐point Likert scale Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion able to communicate or phonate · adults requiring an artificial airway with or without mechanical ventilator support
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
ICU length of stay (days) and healthcare costs · adults requiring an artificial airway with or without mechanical ventilator support
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse events · adults requiring an artificial airway with or without mechanical ventilator support
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Proportion able to communicate · adults requiring an artificial airway with or without mechanical ventilator support
It is very uncertain whether voice‐enabling communication aid changes proportion able to communicate compared with usual care with an aid (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Health‐related quality of life · adults requiring an artificial airway with or without mechanical ventilator support
1 finding from 1 review
Emotional and psychological distress · adults requiring an artificial airway with or without mechanical ventilator support
1 finding from 1 review
ICU length of stay (days) and healthcare costs · adults requiring an artificial airway with or without mechanical ventilator support
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events · adults requiring an artificial airway with or without mechanical ventilator support
1 finding from 1 review
Health‐related quality of life · adults requiring an artificial airway with or without mechanical ventilator support
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Emotional and psychological distress · adults requiring an artificial airway with or without mechanical ventilator support
1 finding from 1 review
Duration of ICU stay · adults requiring an artificial airway with or without mechanical ventilator support
1 finding from 1 review
Costs · adults requiring an artificial airway with or without mechanical ventilator support
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events · adults requiring an artificial airway with or without mechanical ventilator support
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion able to communicate or phonate · adults requiring an artificial airway with or without mechanical ventilator support
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Health‐related quality of life · adults requiring an artificial airway with or without mechanical ventilator support
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Emotional and psychological distress · adults requiring an artificial airway with or without mechanical ventilator support
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Medication‐taking ability · older patients using at least 4 regular prescription medications (and/or their carers)
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low
Intervention not reported
Health‐related quality of life · older patients using at least 4 regular prescription medications (and/or their carers)
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate