Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

510 questions · 532 findings · 49 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 120 · 22.6%GRADE not reported 34 · 6.4%Very low 146 · 27.4%Low 138 · 25.9%Moderate 75 · 14.1%High 19 · 3.6%

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Caesarean section · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus

Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with standard care (mother) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined diet and exercise interventions for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.88, 1.02]
14 studies · 6089 participants
Moderate

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Perineal trauma · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus

Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in perineal trauma compared with standard care (mother) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined diet and exercise interventions for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.27 [0.78, 2.05]
2 studies · 2733 participants
Moderate

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Gestational weight gain · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus

Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in gestational weight gain (kg) compared with standard care (mother) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined diet and exercise interventions for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 5052 participants
Moderate

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Postnatal depression · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus

1 finding from 1 review

Combined diet and exercise interventions for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Perinatal mortality · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus

Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality compared with standard care (child) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined diet and exercise interventions for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.42, 1.63]
2 studies · 3757 participants
Low

Dietary interventions vs placebo or other interventions

Duration of crying (seconds) · infants with colic defined by recognised criteria

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary modifications for infantile colic 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Dietary interventions vs placebo or other interventions

Number of responders · infants with colic defined by recognised criteria

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary modifications for infantile colic 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Dietary interventions vs placebo or other interventions

Frequency of crying episodes per 24 h · infants with colic defined by recognised criteria

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary modifications for infantile colic 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Dietary interventions vs placebo or other interventions

Parental or family quality of life, including measures of parental stress, anxiety or depression · infants with colic defined by recognised criteria

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary modifications for infantile colic 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Dietary interventions vs placebo or other interventions

Parental satisfaction · infants with colic defined by recognised criteria

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary modifications for infantile colic 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Underweight · children aged 6 to 12 years

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 784 participants
Moderate
Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 724 participants
Moderate

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Depression · children aged 6 to 12 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 225 participants
Low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Increased weight concern · children aged 6 to 12 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 285 participants
High

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Body satisfaction · children aged 6 to 12 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 1128 participants
High

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Visits to a healthcare provider · children aged 6 to 12 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Adverse events related to taking of blood samples · children aged 6 to 12 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 4603 participants
Moderate

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Injuries · children aged 6 to 12 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Low

EHealth interventions vs usual care

Dietary sodium intake · s

1 finding from 1 review

eHealth interventions for people with chronic kidney disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 181 participants
Low

Targeted mass media intervention vs no intervention

Changes in dietary composition, 12 months from baseline · adult, ethnic minority group: self‐described Americans of African heritage

1 finding from 1 review

Targeted mass media interventions promoting healthy behaviours to reduce risk of non‐communicable diseases in adult,… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 154 participants
Very low

Supportive interventions for enhancing dietary intake vs comparators

All‐cause mortality · malnourished or nutritionally at‐risk adults

Supportive interventions for enhancing dietary intake probably leads to lower all‐cause mortality compared with comparators (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supportive interventions for enhancing dietary intake in malnourished or nutritionally at‐risk adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.78 [0.66, 0.92]
12 studies · 6683 participants
Moderate