Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

187 questions · 200 findings · 44 reviews

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No studies found 34 · 17%GRADE not reported 39 · 19.5%Very low 45 · 22.5%Low 57 · 28.5%Moderate 19 · 9.5%High 6 · 3%

CBT vs TRT (directive counselling and bilateral masking)

Other adverse effects · adults with tinnitus

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 42 participants
Low

Nutritional education vs no counselling or education during pregnancy

Perinatal mortality · pregnant women

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Nutritional education vs no counselling or education during pregnancy

Stillbirth · pregnant women

Nutritional education showed no clear difference in stillbirth compared with no counselling or education during pregnancy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.37 [0.07, 1.9]
1 study · 431 participants
Low

Nutritional education vs no counselling or education during pregnancy

Neonatal mortality · pregnant women

Nutritional education showed no clear difference in neonatal death compared with no counselling or education during pregnancy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.28 [0.35, 4.72]
1 study · 448 participants
Low

Nutritional education vs no counselling or education during pregnancy

Small‐for‐gestational age · pregnant women

Nutritional education showed no clear difference in small‐for‐gestational age compared with no counselling or education during pregnancy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.45, 2.11]
1 study · 404 participants
Low

Nutritional education vs no counselling or education during pregnancy

Preterm birth · pregnant women

Nutritional education may leads to lower preterm birth compared with no counselling or education during pregnancy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.46 [0.21, 0.98]
2 studies · 449 participants
Low

Nutritional education vs no counselling or education during pregnancy

Birthweight (g) · pregnant women

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 320 participants
Low

Nutritional education vs no counselling or education during pregnancy

Gestational weight gain · pregnant women

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 233 participants
Very low

Balanced nutritional supplement vs counselling or nutritional placebo

Energy intake · patients with reducing morbidity and mortality in people with HIV

1 finding from 1 review

Nutritional interventions for reducing morbidity and mortality in people with HIV 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 131 participants
Low

Balanced nutritional supplement vs counselling or nutritional placebo

Protein intake (g/day) · patients with reducing morbidity and mortality in people with HIV

1 finding from 1 review

Nutritional interventions for reducing morbidity and mortality in people with HIV 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 81 participants
Low

Balanced nutritional supplement vs counselling or nutritional placebo

Weight (kg) · patients with reducing morbidity and mortality in people with HIV

1 finding from 1 review

Nutritional interventions for reducing morbidity and mortality in people with HIV 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 233 participants
Moderate

Balanced nutritional supplement vs counselling or nutritional placebo

Fat mass measured in % of TBW · patients with reducing morbidity and mortality in people with HIV

1 finding from 1 review

Nutritional interventions for reducing morbidity and mortality in people with HIV 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 233 participants
Moderate

Balanced nutritional supplement vs counselling or nutritional placebo

Fat free mass · patients with reducing morbidity and mortality in people with HIV

1 finding from 1 review

Nutritional interventions for reducing morbidity and mortality in people with HIV 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 218 participants
Low

Balanced nutritional supplement vs counselling or nutritional placebo

CD4 cell count · patients with reducing morbidity and mortality in people with HIV

1 finding from 1 review

Nutritional interventions for reducing morbidity and mortality in people with HIV 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 81 participants
Low

Balanced nutritional supplement vs counselling or nutritional placebo

Viral load · patients with reducing morbidity and mortality in people with HIV

1 finding from 1 review

Nutritional interventions for reducing morbidity and mortality in people with HIV 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 66 participants
Very low

Psychosocial interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy, biofeedback, combination CBT/biofeedback, physical self-regulation/posture self-control) vs usual care

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (temporomandibular disorder (TMD))

Psychosocial interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy,… led to lower pain intensity (long term) compared with usual care (conservative treatment: education, counselling,…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for the management of chronic orofacial pain 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
Long term (more than 3 months)
SMD -0.34 [-0.50, -0.18]
7 studies · 658 participants
GRADE not reported

Psychosocial interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy, biofeedback, combination CBT/biofeedback, physical self-regulation/posture self-control) vs usual care

Muscle palpation pain (long term) · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (temporomandibular disorder (TMD))

Psychosocial interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy,… showed no clear difference in muscle palpation pain (long term) compared with usual care (conservative treatment: education, counselling,…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for the management of chronic orofacial pain 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
Long term (more than 3 months)
Muscle palpation pain long term (greater than 3 months): 3 studies; results not pooled owing to substantial heterogeneity (I2=64%); insufficient evidence to draw conclusions for any individual intervention. One study…
3 studies
GRADE not reported

Psychosocial interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy, biofeedback, combination CBT/biofeedback, physical self-regulation/posture self-control) vs usual care

Depression (long term) · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (temporomandibular disorder (TMD))

Psychosocial interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy,… led to lower depression (long term) compared with usual care (conservative treatment: education, counselling,…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for the management of chronic orofacial pain 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
Long term (more than 3 months)
SMD -0.35 [-0.54, -0.16]
6 studies · 455 participants
GRADE not reported

Psychosocial interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy, biofeedback, combination CBT/biofeedback, physical self-regulation/posture self-control) vs usual care

Reduction in pain intensity · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (temporomandibular disorder (TMD))

Psychosocial interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy,… led to higher pain intensity (short term) compared with usual care (conservative treatment: education, counselling,…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for the management of chronic orofacial pain 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
Short term (3 months or less) · Combination CBT/biofeedback
SMD 0.46 [0.02, 0.90]
2 studies · 90 participants
GRADE not reported

Psychosocial interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy, biofeedback, combination CBT/biofeedback, physical self-regulation/posture self-control) vs usual care

Pain severity - impact: activity interference / disability (long term) · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (temporomandibular disorder (TMD))

Psychosocial interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy,… led to lower pain severity - impact: activity interference / disability (long term) compared with usual care (conservative treatment: education, counselling,…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for the management of chronic orofacial pain 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
Long term (more than 3 months) · CBT alone
SMD -0.27 [-0.51, -0.03]
4 studies · 285 participants
GRADE not reported