What do systematic reviews say?

Antibiotics vs placebo or no antibiotic

It is very uncertain whether any antibiotic changes maternal infectious morbidity (chorioamnionitis and/or endometritis)… compared with placebo or no antibiotic (subgrouped by timing of induction of labour) (very low certainty).

• Antibiotics for prelabour rupture of membranes at or near term 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.34 [0.08, 1.47]
  2 studies · 838 participants
  Very low

Antibiotics vs placebo or no antibiotic

Any antibiotic showed no clear difference in stillbirth compared with placebo or no antibiotic (low certainty).

• Antibiotics for prelabour rupture of membranes at or near term 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3 [0.61, 14.82]
  3 studies · 1906 participants
  Low

Antibiotics vs placebo or no antibiotic

Any antibiotic showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality compared with placebo or no antibiotic (low certainty).

• Antibiotics for prelabour rupture of membranes at or near term 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.98 [0.6, 6.55]
  4 studies · 2639 participants
  Low

Antibiotics vs placebo or no antibiotic

• Antibiotics for prelabour rupture of membranes at or near term 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 1906 participants
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings: Knee orthosis (any type) and exercise vs control (exercise only)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Knee orthosis (any type) and exercise changes pain score (VAS) Scale from: 0 to 10 (higher scores mean worse pain) compared with control (exercise only) (very low certainty).

• Knee orthoses for treating patellofemoral pain syndrome 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 234 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: Knee orthosis (any type) and exercise vs control (exercise only)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Knee orthosis (any type) and exercise changes functional outcomes Scale various 2 compared with control (exercise only) (very low certainty).

• Knee orthoses for treating patellofemoral pain syndrome 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 183 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: Knee orthosis (any type) and exercise vs control (exercise only)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Knee orthoses for treating patellofemoral pain syndrome 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: Knee orthosis (any type) and exercise vs control (exercise only)

• Knee orthoses for treating patellofemoral pain syndrome 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 51 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: Knee orthosis (any type) and exercise vs control (exercise only)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Knee orthoses for treating patellofemoral pain syndrome 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: Knee orthosis (any type) and exercise vs control (exercise only)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Knee orthoses for treating patellofemoral pain syndrome 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: Knee orthosis (any type) and exercise vs control (exercise only)

• Knee orthoses for treating patellofemoral pain syndrome 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 59 participants
  Very low

Medical interventions (systemic: analgesics, antidepressants, antiepileptics, steroids; topical: analgesics, anaesthetics) vs Another intervention, or no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for iatrogenic inferior alveolar and lingual nerve injury 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Results: 'No studies evaluated medical ... interventions.' No eligible RCT of medical interventions (analgesics, antidepressants, antiepileptics, steroids, topical anaesthetics).
  0 studies
  No studies found

Fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment incorporating surgically assisted orthodontics (adjunctive surgical procedure: corticotomy, micro-osteoperforation or interseptal bone reduction) to increase the rate of tooth movement vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Surgical adjunctive procedures for accelerating orthodontic treatment 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
  SoF row: Illustrative comparative risks '‐' / '‐'; no relative effect; Comments: 'Not reported'. Results: 'Our prespecified primary outcome (the duration of orthodontic treatment, number of visits during active…
  0 studies
  No studies found

Fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment incorporating surgically assisted orthodontics (adjunctive surgical procedure: corticotomy, micro-osteoperforation or interseptal bone reduction) to increase the rate of tooth movement vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Surgical adjunctive procedures for accelerating orthodontic treatment 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Results: 'Our prespecified secondary outcomes of patient satisfaction, improvement in occlusion, and prolonged stability of treatment were not measured in the trials.'
  0 studies
  No studies found

Fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment incorporating surgically assisted orthodontics (adjunctive surgical procedure: corticotomy, micro-osteoperforation or interseptal bone reduction) to increase the rate of tooth movement vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Surgical adjunctive procedures for accelerating orthodontic treatment 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Results: 'Our prespecified secondary outcomes of patient satisfaction, improvement in occlusion, and prolonged stability of treatment were not measured in the trials.'
  0 studies
  No studies found

Fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment incorporating surgically assisted orthodontics (adjunctive surgical procedure: corticotomy, micro-osteoperforation or interseptal bone reduction) to increase the rate of tooth movement vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

Fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment incorporating surgically… may leads to higher rate of tooth movement (orthodontic tooth movement in mm at 3 months) compared with conventional treatment: fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment… (low certainty).

• Surgical adjunctive procedures for accelerating orthodontic treatment 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3 months
  MD 2.03 [1.52, 2.54]
  2 studies · 31 participants
  Low
• Surgical adjunctive procedures for accelerating orthodontic treatment 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  1 month
  MD 0.61 [0.49, 0.72]
  3 studies · 42 participants
  Low

Fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment incorporating surgically assisted orthodontics (adjunctive surgical procedure: corticotomy, micro-osteoperforation or interseptal bone reduction) to increase the rate of tooth movement vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

• Surgical adjunctive procedures for accelerating orthodontic treatment 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Up to 4 months
  SoF: Assumed risk 'See comment'; Corresponding risk 'See comment'; 13 (1 study, split‐mouth); Quality ⊕⊖⊖⊖ very low. Comment: 'Gingival and periodonal problems only were assesed in 1 study (Aboul‐Ela 2011). No precise…
  1 study · 13 participants
  Very low

Fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment incorporating surgically assisted orthodontics (adjunctive surgical procedure: corticotomy, micro-osteoperforation or interseptal bone reduction) to increase the rate of tooth movement vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

• Surgical adjunctive procedures for accelerating orthodontic treatment 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  24 hours to 28 days
  Results: 'Pain experience was compared between surgical and non‐surgical cases in a single study (Alikhani 2013). Within 24 hours of appliance activation and canine retraction, both groups reported higher levels of…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment incorporating surgically assisted orthodontics (adjunctive surgical procedure: corticotomy, micro-osteoperforation or interseptal bone reduction) to increase the rate of tooth movement vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Surgical adjunctive procedures for accelerating orthodontic treatment 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Results: 'Our prespecified secondary outcomes of patient satisfaction, improvement in occlusion, and prolonged stability of treatment were not measured in the trials.'
  0 studies
  No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs anticholinergics

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training changes number of any adverse events: immediately after treatment compared with anticholinergics (very low certainty).

• Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.03 [0.01, 0.17]
  3 studies · 187 participants
  Very low