Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,543 questions · 2,589 findings · 168 reviews · Schizophrenia

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No studies found 601 · 23.2%GRADE not reported 446 · 17.2%Very low 721 · 27.8%Low 505 · 19.5%Moderate 274 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%

BRIEF CBT vs STANDARD DURATION CBT

Leaving the study early · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy (brief versus standard duration) for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

BRIEF CBT vs STANDARD DURATION CBT

Mental state ‐ improvement · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy (brief versus standard duration) for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

BRIEF CBT vs STANDARD DURATION CBT

Service use: Admitted · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy (brief versus standard duration) for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

BRIEF CBT vs STANDARD DURATION CBT

Number of participants with improved quality of life · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy (brief versus standard duration) for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

BRIEF CBT vs STANDARD DURATION CBT

Satisfaction with treatment: Improved to any extent · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy (brief versus standard duration) for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

BRIEF CBT vs STANDARD DURATION CBT

Economic outcomes · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy (brief versus standard duration) for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

ANY FORM OF BRIEF PSYCHOEDUCATION vs usual care

Compliance with medication · people with serious mental illness

ANY FORM OF BRIEF PSYCHOEDUCATION probably leads to lower compliance: 1a. With medication ‐ non‐compliance ‐ short term compared with for ROUTINE CARE/INFORMATION (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychoeducation (brief) for people with serious mental illness 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.63 [0.41, 0.96]
3 studies · 448 participants
Moderate

ANY FORM OF BRIEF PSYCHOEDUCATION vs CBT

Mental state: 2. Positive symptoms ‐ average endpoint score PANSS positive subscore · people with severe mental disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Psychoeducation (brief) for people with serious mental illness 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 88 participants
Very low

ANY FORM OF BRIEF PSYCHOEDUCATION vs CBT

Quality of life: 1a. Average endpoint scores on various scales (MSQoL‐54, high = good) ‐ short term · people with severe mental disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Psychoeducation (brief) for people with serious mental illness 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 63 participants
Very low

ANY FORM OF BRIEF PSYCHOEDUCATION vs usual care

Relapse · people with serious mental illness

ANY FORM OF BRIEF PSYCHOEDUCATION probably leads to lower relapse: 1. Relapse for any reason ‐ medium term compared with for ROUTINE CARE/INFORMATION (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychoeducation (brief) for people with serious mental illness 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.7 [0.52, 0.93]
4 studies · 406 participants
Moderate

ANY FORM OF BRIEF PSYCHOEDUCATION vs usual care

Global state Global Assessment Scale (GAS) · people with serious mental illness

1 finding from 1 review

Psychoeducation (brief) for people with serious mental illness 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 101 participants
Very low

ANY FORM OF BRIEF PSYCHOEDUCATION vs usual care

Mental state: psychopathology Total endpoint data, BPRS (higher score = worse, scale from: 0‐126) · people with serious mental illness

1 finding from 1 review

Psychoeducation (brief) for people with serious mental illness 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Very low

ANY FORM OF BRIEF PSYCHOEDUCATION vs usual care

Social functioning · people with serious mental illness

1 finding from 1 review

Psychoeducation (brief) for people with serious mental illness 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 118 participants
Low

ANY FORM OF BRIEF PSYCHOEDUCATION vs usual care

QoL · people with serious mental illness

1 finding from 1 review

Psychoeducation (brief) for people with serious mental illness 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 62 participants
Low

ANY FORM OF BRIEF PSYCHOEDUCATION vs usual care

Adverse effects: 1. Death ‐ medium term · people with serious mental illness

ANY FORM OF BRIEF PSYCHOEDUCATION showed no clear difference in adverse event: Death ‐ medium term compared with for ROUTINE CARE/INFORMATION (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychoeducation (brief) for people with serious mental illness 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.15, 6.65]
2 studies · 154 participants
Low

ANY FORM OF BRIEF PSYCHOEDUCATION vs CBT

Compliance with medication · people with severe mental disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Psychoeducation (brief) for people with serious mental illness 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 88 participants
Very low

ANY FORM OF BRIEF PSYCHOEDUCATION vs CBT

Clinical response: mental state ‐ relapse ‐ medium term Relapse rate · people with severe mental disorders

It is very uncertain whether ANY FORM OF BRIEF PSYCHOEDUCATION changes relapse: Relapse for any reason (medium term) compared with CBT (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychoeducation (brief) for people with serious mental illness 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.67 [0.62, 4.48]
1 study · 88 participants
Very low

ASENAPINE vs placebo

Global state: No clinically important change (as defined by the original studies) · adults with schizophrenia

ASENAPINE may leads to lower global state: No clinically important change CGI‐I compared with PLACEBO (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Asenapine versus placebo for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.81 [0.68, 0.97]
1 study · 336 participants
Low

ASENAPINE vs placebo

Clinical response: no clinically significant response in mental state · adults with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ASENAPINE changes mental state: No clinically important change PANSS compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Asenapine versus placebo for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.72 [0.59, 0.86]
1 study · 336 participants
Very low

ASENAPINE vs placebo

Mental state: Average change score in negative symptoms PANSS Marder negative factor score · adults with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Asenapine versus placebo for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 336 participants
Very low