Subgroup: nicotine patch; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month · people who smoke
It is very uncertain whether reduction and pharmacotherapy changes subgroup: nicotine patch; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month compared with reduction alone (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Subgroup: fast‐acting NRT only; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month · people who smoke
Reduction and pharmacotherapy probably leads to higher subgroup: fast‐acting NRT only; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month compared with reduction alone (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Subgroup: varenicline only; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month · people who smoke
Reduction and pharmacotherapy probably leads to higher subgroup: varenicline only; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month compared with reduction alone (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Subgroup: bupropion only; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month · people who smoke
Reduction and pharmacotherapy showed no clear difference in subgroup: bupropion only; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month compared with reduction alone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of participants continent after treatment · people with stroke and urinary incontinence
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Number of incontinent episodes · people with stroke and urinary incontinence
Physical therapy interventions showed no clear difference in number of incontinent episodes compared with usual care or no treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Perception of improvement or cure · people with stroke and urinary incontinence
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Health status and quality of life · people with stroke and urinary incontinence
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Functional ability · people with stroke and urinary incontinence
Physical therapy interventions probably leads to higher functional ability: mean Barthel score (continuous variables) compared with usual care or no treatment (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
MD 8.97 [1.27, 16.68]
81 participants
Moderate
Adverse events · people with stroke and urinary incontinence
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Reduction in physical signs Decrease in seizure frequency End of treatment · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria
It is very uncertain whether cognitive behavioural therapy as changes reduction in physical signs Reduction in monthly seizure frequency… compared with standard medical care (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Reduction in physical sign Seizure freedom as assessed by a daily self‐reported seizure diary End of treatment · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria
It is very uncertain whether cognitive behavioural therapy as changes reduction in physical sign Seizure freedom as assessed by a daily… compared with standard medical care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Level of functioning · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life As assessed by QOLIE31 (higher is better) · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Change in burn‐related pruritus (VAS) ( · people with postburn pruritus
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy showed no clear difference in change in burn‐related pruritus NRS ( compared with sham (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events · people with postburn pruritus
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Pain Pressure pain threshold (PPT) ( · people with postburn pruritus
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy may leads to higher pain Pressure pain threshold (PPT) ( compared with sham (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Repetition of SH at post‐intervention · self‐harm in adults
Comparison 12.8: Long‐term therapy showed no clear difference in repetition of SH at post‐intervention compared with TAU or another comparator (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Improvement in vertigo · adults with vestibular migraine
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found