Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Immature (young) permanent teeth with open apex and vital pulp exposed to dental caries or trauma, in children aged 6-14 years
A single RCT found no difference in pulpotomy success between MTA and calcium-enriched mixture (both 100% at 6 and 12 months; not pooled; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Single RCT (Nosrat 2012, 118 roots): 100% clinical and radiographic success in both MTA and CEM at 6 and 12 months (MTA 53/53 then 54/54 roots; CEM 55/55 then 57/57 roots); no statistical difference between groups at…
1 study · 118 participants
GRADE not reported
Plaque · Medically healthy individuals (adults and children, 6-60 years)
Salvadora persica was less effective than 0.2% chlorhexidine at reducing plaque (favours chlorhexidine); not GRADE-rated.
1 finding from 1 review
Lactobacillus count (CFU/mL) · Medically healthy individuals (adults and children, 6-60 years)
Salvadora persica rinse reduced Lactobacillus counts more than placebo (favours Salvadora persica); not GRADE-rated.
1 finding from 1 review
Streptococcus mutans count · Medically healthy individuals (adults and children, 6-60 years)
Salvadora persica rinse reduced Streptococcus mutans counts relative to baseline; not GRADE-rated.
1 finding from 1 review
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated approximal carious lesions · Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on approximal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
5% NaF varnish may not differ from Resin infiltration + 5% NaF varnish for arrest or reversal of approximal carious lesions (RR 0.5, 95% CI 0.18 to 1.37; very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Restorative index (RI), permanent teeth · Children aged 1-18 years
The restorative index for permanent teeth could not be meta-analyzed (no variance data); it was lower or equal in children with learning disabilities in 4 of 9 studies, and the pattern suggested more extraction- than restoration-based care in CLD (certainty not graded).
1 finding from 1 review
Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Immature (young) permanent teeth with open apex and vital pulp exposed to dental caries or trauma, in children aged 6-14 years
A single RCT found higher pulpotomy success with triple antibiotic paste than abscess remedy (100% vs 80%; statistically significant, P<0.05; not pooled; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Single RCT (Eppa 2018, 3-arm; 20 TAP and 20 AR teeth): TAP 100% (20/20) vs abscess remedy 80% (16/20) clinical and radiographic success; difference statistically significant at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months (P<0.05);…
1 study · 40 participants
GRADE not reported
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated and cavitated root carious lesions · Adults (including institutionalized/older adults) with noncavitated and cavitated carious lesions on root surfaces (permanent teeth)
38% SDF solution (applied annually) may not differ from 5,000-ppm F (1.1% NaF) toothpaste or gel for arrest or reversal of root carious lesions (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.18 to 2.95; very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pathological periapical radiolucency · Children with carious vital pulp exposure in primary incisors
Two trials reported periapical radiolucency but results were not pooled owing to considerable heterogeneity.
1 finding from 1 review
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated and cavitated root carious lesions · Adults (including institutionalized/older adults) with noncavitated and cavitated carious lesions on root surfaces (permanent teeth)
5% NaF varnish may not differ from 5,000-ppm F (1.1% NaF) toothpaste or gel for arrest or reversal of root carious lesions (RR 1.13, 95% CI 0.1 to 13.12; very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated approximal carious lesions · Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on approximal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
5% NaF varnish may not differ from Sealant for arrest or reversal of approximal carious lesions (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.38 to 2.41; very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) · Children aged 1-18 years
In primary teeth, meta-analysis found no evidence of a difference in caries experience (dmft/deft) between children with and without learning disabilities (SMD 0.41, 95% CI -0.14 to 0.96; 8 studies; certainty not graded).
4 findings from 1 review
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Developmental defects of enamel measured by any validated index · Children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)
A single small study suggested developmental enamel defects were more frequent in children with JIA, but the evidence is insufficient (1 study; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
The only study reporting developmental enamel defects [22] found the condition more frequent among children with JIA than healthy peers, but the sample size was too small to draw any reliable conclusion.
1 study · 110 participants
GRADE not reported
Acceptability · Caries-free children to young adults with premolars/molars requiring pit-and-fissure sealants
Both laser and acid-etching preparation were well accepted by patients (VAS, P = 1.000; ungraded, single study).
1 finding from 1 review
Kumar 2016 (Er,Cr:YSGG laser vs acid-etching): patient acceptance scored on a visual analogue scale; both preparations well accepted, P = 1.000; no significant difference.
1 study · 50 participants
GRADE not reported
Clinical (chair-side) time · Caries-free children to young adults with premolars/molars requiring pit-and-fissure sealants
Laser conditioning was reported to take less chair-side time than acid-etching in the studies that measured it, but times were not pooled (ungraded, narrative).
1 finding from 1 review
Walsh 1996 reported laser conditioning time of 7 s vs 70 s for acid preparation; Kumar 2016 reported Er,Cr:YSGG exposure ~10 s vs >35 s for acid etching; laser conditioning was shorter but times were not pooled, and…
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Oral ulcerations · Children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)
A single study reported more oral ulcerations in children with JIA (5/41) than without JIA (1/41); evidence is limited to one study (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Dental calculus accumulation
1 finding from 1 review
Arrest of dentine caries · Preschool children with active dentine caries in primary teeth (mean age 3.4-4.0 years)
Silver diamine fluoride was about 2.5 times more likely than sodium fluoride to arrest dentine caries surfaces at 18 months (pooled OR 2.51, 95% CI 1.25 to 5.10; 2 RCTs), although between-study heterogeneity was high (I2=90.3%); certainty of evidence was not formally graded.
2 findings from 1 review
Plaque · Medically healthy individuals (adults and children, 6-60 years)
Placebo rinse did not significantly change plaque relative to baseline; not GRADE-rated.
1 finding from 1 review
Incremental cost‐effectiveness · Children younger than 6 years (healthy except for dental caries)
In children younger than 6 years, OHPPs were associated with lower cost per DMFT/S (OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.32; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review