Findings

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,410 questions · 8,901 findings · 1,091 reviews

No studies found 1,687 · 19%GRADE not reported 1,469 · 16.5%Very low 1,969 · 22.1%Low 2,060 · 23.1%Moderate 1,302 · 14.6%High 414 · 4.7%

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Good brushing habits (>=2 daily tooth brushing) vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence)

Good brushing habits prevalence (among children with caries) · Children with dental caries (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries

About 57% of children with caries in LMICs had good brushing habits (pooled prevalence 0.569, 95% CI 0.354 to 0.771; 7 studies; very high heterogeneity; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Maternal education attainment vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence)

Secondary/higher maternal education prevalence (among children with caries) · Children with dental caries (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries

About 45% of children with caries in LMICs had mothers with secondary or higher education (pooled prevalence 0.450, 95% CI 0.330 to 0.572; 7 studies; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Caregiver help with child tooth brushing vs Children without dental caries

Dental caries · Children (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries

Caregiver help with tooth brushing was associated with 65% lower odds of dental caries (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.93; 3 studies; very high heterogeneity; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Access to dental care / health services vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence)

Access to/visited dental services prevalence · Children (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries

About 44% of children in LMICs had access to or had visited dental services (pooled prevalence 0.444, 95% CI 0.277 to 0.618; 5 studies; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Socioeconomic status category vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence)

Middle SES prevalence (among children with caries) · Children with dental caries (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries

About 35% of children with caries in LMICs were of middle SES (pooled prevalence 0.353, 95% CI 0.180 to 0.550; 7 studies; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Socioeconomic status category vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence)

High SES prevalence (among children with caries) · Children with dental caries (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries

About 25% of children with caries in LMICs were of high SES (pooled prevalence 0.245, 95% CI 0.162 to 0.339; 5 studies; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Sugary drinks/sweets consumption vs Children without dental caries

Dental caries (association with sugary drinks/sweets consumption) · Children (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries

Sugary drinks/sweets consumption was associated with about twice the odds of dental caries in LMIC children (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.59 to 2.60; 7 studies; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

11-16 remaining teeth vs 25-32 remaining teeth

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD)-related events (morbidity and mortality) · Adults (any age) with a known number of remaining teeth, followed prospectively in cohort studies

In prospective cohorts, adults with 11-16 teeth had a higher cumulative incidence of ACVD-related events than adults with 25-32 teeth (RR 2.27, 95% CI 1.55 to 3.32; 4 cohort studies, I2=87%); GRADE per-analysis ratings reported in Supplementary File 7 (not available in provided sources).

1 finding from 1 review

Edentulous (0 remaining teeth) vs 1-32 remaining teeth

All-cause mortality (ACM) · Adults (any age) with a known number of remaining teeth, followed prospectively in cohort studies

In prospective cohorts, the multivariable-adjusted HR for all-cause mortality in edentulous adults (0 teeth) vs adults with 1-32 teeth was 1.30 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.40; 7 studies, I2=20%); GRADE per-analysis ratings reported in Supplementary File 7 (not available in provided sources).

4 findings from 1 review
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17-24 remaining teeth vs 25-32 remaining teeth

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD)-related events (morbidity and mortality) · Adults (any age) with a known number of remaining teeth, followed prospectively in cohort studies

In prospective cohorts, adults with 17-24 teeth had a higher cumulative incidence of ACVD-related events than adults with 25-32 teeth (RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.45; 4 cohort studies, I2=87%); GRADE per-analysis ratings reported in Supplementary File 7 (not available in provided sources).

1 finding from 1 review

0-19 remaining teeth vs 20-32 remaining teeth

All-cause mortality (ACM) · Adults (any age) with a known number of remaining teeth, followed prospectively in cohort studies

In prospective cohorts, the crude HR for all-cause mortality in adults with 0-19 teeth vs adults with 20-32 teeth was 2.47 (95% CI 2.40 to 2.54; 2 studies, I2=0%); GRADE per-analysis ratings reported in Supplementary File 7 (not available in provided sources).

4 findings from 1 review
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Higher number of lost teeth (per one additional lost tooth) vs Fewer lost teeth (continuous, per-tooth increment)

All-cause mortality (ACM) · Adults (any age) with a known number of remaining teeth, followed prospectively in cohort studies

Each additional lost tooth was associated with a multivariable-adjusted HR of 1.02 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.03) for all-cause mortality (11 studies, I2=89%), statistically significant; GRADE per-analysis ratings reported in Supplementary File 7 (not available in provided sources).

3 findings from 1 review

1-19 remaining teeth vs 20-32 remaining teeth

All-cause mortality (ACM) · Adults (any age) with a known number of remaining teeth, followed prospectively in cohort studies

In prospective cohorts, adults with 1-19 teeth had a higher cumulative incidence of all-cause mortality than adults with 20-32 teeth (RR 1.76, 95% CI 1.41 to 2.19; 8 cohort studies, I2=94%); GRADE per-analysis ratings reported in Supplementary File 7 (not available in provided sources).

1 finding from 1 review

Edentulous (0 remaining teeth) vs 1-32 remaining teeth

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD)-related events (morbidity and mortality) · Adults (any age) with a known number of remaining teeth, followed prospectively in cohort studies

In prospective cohorts, the multivariable-adjusted HR for ACVD-related events in edentulous adults (0 teeth) vs adults with 1-32 teeth was 1.21 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.36; 5 studies, I2=35%); GRADE per-analysis ratings reported in Supplementary File 7 (not available in provided sources).

4 findings from 1 review
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0-19 remaining teeth vs 20-32 remaining teeth

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD)-related events (morbidity and mortality) · Adults (any age) with a known number of remaining teeth, followed prospectively in cohort studies

In prospective cohorts, the crude HR for ACVD-related events in adults with 0-19 teeth vs adults with 20-32 teeth was 2.27 (95% CI 1.50 to 3.43; 1 study, I2 not applicable (single study)); GRADE per-analysis ratings reported in Supplementary File 7 (not available in provided sources).

4 findings from 1 review
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Edentulous (0 remaining teeth) vs 20-32 remaining teeth

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD)-related events (morbidity and mortality) · Adults (any age) with a known number of remaining teeth, followed prospectively in cohort studies

In prospective cohorts, edentulous adults (0 teeth) had a higher cumulative incidence of ACVD-related events than adults with 20-32 teeth (RR 2.65, 95% CI 1.77 to 3.98; 2 cohort studies, I2=60%); GRADE per-analysis ratings reported in Supplementary File 7 (not available in provided sources).

1 finding from 1 review