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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,678 questions · 4,859 findings · 283 reviews

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No studies found 1,225 · 25.2%GRADE not reported 215 · 4.4%Very low 1,241 · 25.5%Low 1,210 · 24.9%Moderate 776 · 16%High 192 · 4%

Phenobarbital vs levetiracetam

Proportion of infants who develop epilepsy post‐discharge · neonates with EEG‐confirmed seizures

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Phenobarbital changes proportion of infants who develop epilepsy post‐discharge compared with levetiracetam (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phenobarbital vs levetiracetam

Proportion of infants who achieve seizure control after the first loading dose of ASM · neonates with clinically diagnosed seizures

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Phenobarbital changes proportion of infants who achieve seizure control after first… compared with levetiracetam (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phenobarbital vs levetiracetam

Proportion of infants who achieve seizure control after maximal loading dose of ASM · neonates with clinically diagnosed seizures

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Phenobarbital changes proportion of infants who achieve seizure control after maximal… compared with levetiracetam (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticoagulant vs control

Dead or dependent · acute presumed ischaemic stroke

Summary of findings table ‐ Anticoagulant showed no clear difference in dead or dependent at end of compared with control (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticoagulant vs control

Death during study period · acute presumed ischaemic stroke

Summary of findings table ‐ Anticoagulant showed no clear difference in death from all causes during treatment period compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticoagulant vs control

Deep vein thrombosis · acute presumed ischaemic stroke

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Anticoagulant changes deep vein thrombosis during treatment period compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticoagulant vs control

Recurrent ischaemic or unknown stroke during treatment period · acute presumed ischaemic stroke

Summary of findings table ‐ Anticoagulant probably leads to lower recurrent ischaemic or unknown stroke during treatment period compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticoagulant vs control

Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage during treatment period · acute presumed ischaemic stroke

Summary of findings table ‐ Anticoagulant probably leads to higher symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage during treatment period compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticoagulant vs control

Symptomatic PE · acute presumed ischaemic stroke

Summary of findings table ‐ Anticoagulant leads to lower symptomatic pulmonary embolism during treatment period compared with control (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticoagulant vs control

Major extracranial haemorrhage during treatment period · acute presumed ischaemic stroke

Summary of findings table ‐ Anticoagulant probably leads to higher major extracranial haemorrhage during treatment period compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: percutaneous pinning vs cast or brace immobilisation only

Upper limb function · adults with dorsally displaced distal radius fractures
3 findings from 1 review

Zinc vs placebo

Pulmonary exacerbations number of participants requiring IV antibiotics · children with cystic fibrosis

Summary of findings: Zinc supplementation showed no clear difference in pulmonary exacerbations number of participants requiring IV… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Zinc vs placebo

Adverse events number of participants hospitalised during the trial · children with cystic fibrosis

Summary of findings: Zinc supplementation showed no clear difference in adverse events number of participants hospitalised during the trial compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Zinc vs placebo

Need for antibiotics days of antibiotic use · children with cystic fibrosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Zinc supplementation changes need for antibiotics number of days on IV or oral antibiotics compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review