Psychological distress Measures: ‐ Parenting Stress Index (PSI‐SF) ‐ State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) · parents and carers of children with complex needs
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · children with portal hypertension and large oesophageal varices, without previous gastrointestinal bleeding or beta‐blocker treatment
It is very uncertain whether band ligation changes all‐cause mortality compared with sham or no intervention (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events Idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura · children with portal hypertension and large oesophageal varices, without previous gastrointestinal bleeding or beta‐blocker treatment
It is very uncertain whether band ligation changes serious adverse events Idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura compared with sham or no intervention (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Health‐related quality of life · children with portal hypertension and large oesophageal varices, without previous gastrointestinal bleeding or beta‐blocker treatment
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Oesophageal variceal bleeding · children with portal hypertension and large oesophageal varices, without previous gastrointestinal bleeding or beta‐blocker treatment
It is very uncertain whether band ligation changes oesophageal variceal bleeding compared with sham or no intervention (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events considered non‐serious · children with portal hypertension and large oesophageal varices, without previous gastrointestinal bleeding or beta‐blocker treatment
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Death from all causes (primary outcome) · people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage
It is very uncertain whether induced hypertension changes death from all causes (primary outcome) compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Death or dependency · people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage
It is very uncertain whether induced hypertension changes death or dependency (primary outcome) compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion of participants with ≥ 1 serious adverse events · people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage
It is very uncertain whether induced hypertension changes proportion of participants with ≥ 1 serious adverse events compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life · people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage
1 finding from 1 review
Rebleeding · people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage
1 finding from 1 review
Delayed cerebral ischaemia · people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage
It is very uncertain whether induced hypertension changes delayed cerebral ischaemia compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Hydrocephalus · people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Regular use rate · Children or adolescents
One RCT reported a 72.4% regular-use rate with a gamified mobile health app versus 48.3% with a nongamified intervention; no GRADE assessment was reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Regular use rate 72.4% (gamified mobile app) vs 48.3% (nongamified)
1 study · In one study, the regular use rate was significantly higher (72.4%) in the gamified mobile health app group than in the nongamified intervention group (48.3%). participants
GRADE not reported
Change in Mutans streptococci (MS) count in saliva · healthy people
Xylitol significantly reduced Mutans streptococci in saliva compared with no intervention (SMD -1.47, 95% CI -1.94 to -0.99; 3 trials), though heterogeneity was very high (I2=98%); not GRADE-rated.
1 finding from 1 review
Caries arrestment at the surface level · Children and adults without systemic diseases affecting dental health
SDF showed no clear advantage for caries arrestment at the surface level.
1 finding from 1 review
Demineralised lesion depth · Human tooth enamel specimens, sound/intact (in vitro)
Er:YAG laser irradiation significantly reduced demineralised lesion depth versus untreated control (SMD -0.55, 95% CI -0.97 to -0.12; 3 in vitro studies, I2=62%; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Enamel surface microhardness · Human tooth enamel specimens, sound/intact (in vitro)
In sound enamel, Er:YAG laser irradiation significantly increased surface microhardness after acid challenge versus untreated control (SMD 2.41, 95% CI 0.70 to 4.12; 3 in vitro studies; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
SMD 2.41 [0.70, 4.12]
3 studies
GRADE not reported
Caries arrestment at the individual (patient) level · Children and adults without systemic diseases affecting dental health
SDF showed a higher caries-arrestment proportion at the individual level, but the reported difference was not statistically significant.
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Pegylated interferon beta‐1a (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 1512 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…
The intervention may leads to lower pegylated interferon beta‐1a (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 1512… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review