Intervention not reported
Nortriptyline · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Varenicline · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The intervention leads to higher varenicline (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Cytisine · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The intervention leads to higher cytisine (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Nicotine patch · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The intervention leads to higher nicotine patch (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Fast‐acting NRT (nicotine other) · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The intervention leads to higher fast‐acting NRT (nicotine other) (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Nicotine EC · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The intervention leads to higher nicotine EC (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Non‐nicotine/placebo EC · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐nicotine/placebo EC (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Bupropion · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The intervention leads to higher bupropion (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Nortriptyline · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The intervention probably leads to higher nortriptyline (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Hearing ‐ return to normal *Ventilation tubes versus laser myringotomy (6 to 12 months ‐ medium‐term) Adjusted for non‐independence of within‐individual measurements Assumed ICC of 0.5 № of participants: 132 (2 RCTs) · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)
It is very uncertain whether adenoidectomy (with or without myringotomy) changes hearing: proportion with normal hearing ‐ up to 12 months № of… compared with no treatment/watchful waiting (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.97 [0.65, 1.46]
Studies not reported
Very low
Disease‐specific quality of life · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Disease‐specific quality of life · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Disease‐specific quality of life · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Presence/persistence of OME · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)
It is very uncertain whether adenoidectomy (with or without myringotomy) changes presence or persistence of OME ‐ over 12 months № of participants:… compared with no treatment/watchful waiting (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.9 [0.81, 1]
Studies not reported
Very low
Hearing ‐ return to normal *Ventilation tubes versus laser myringotomy (6 to 12 months ‐ medium‐term) Adjusted for non‐independence of within‐individual measurements Assumed ICC of 0.5 № of participants: 132 (2 RCTs) · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)
It is very uncertain whether adenoidectomy and bilateral ventilation tubes changes hearing: return to normal hearing at 6 to 9 months № of… compared with bilateral ventilation tubes only (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 1.36 [0.98, 1.89]
Studies not reported
Very low
Disease‐specific quality of life · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Presence/persistence of OME · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)
It is very uncertain whether adenoidectomy and bilateral ventilation tubes changes presence/persistence of OME ‐ over 12 months № of participants: 254… compared with bilateral ventilation tubes only (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.96 [0.86, 1.07]
Studies not reported
Very low
Hearing ‐ return to normal *Ventilation tubes versus laser myringotomy (6 to 12 months ‐ medium‐term) Adjusted for non‐independence of within‐individual measurements Assumed ICC of 0.5 № of participants: 132 (2 RCTs) · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)
It is very uncertain whether adenoidectomy and unilateral ventilation tube changes hearing: proportion of children with hearing returned to normal (12… compared with unilateral ventilation tube only (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 1.24 [0.79, 1.96]
Studies not reported
Very low
Proportion of children whose hearing is normal · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)
It is very uncertain whether autoinflation changes proportion of children whose hearing is normal compared with no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 2.67 [1.73, 4.12]
Studies not reported
Very low
Disease‐specific quality of life · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low