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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,395 questions in 172 reviews · Gut
current versionsNo studies 420 · 17.5%Ungraded 60 · 2.5%Very low 821 · 34.3%Low 602 · 25.1%Moderate 397 · 16.6%High 95 · 4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Telephone‐based disease monitoring vs face‐to‐face monitoring Quality of life (children) · people with inflammatory bowel disease Remote care through telehealth for people with inflammatory bowel disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 86 participants | Very low |
Cognitive behavioural therapy manual and telephone support vs usual care Disease activity · people with inflammatory bowel disease Remote care through telehealth for people with inflammatory bowel disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cognitive behavioural therapy manual and telephone support vs usual care Flare‐ups/relapse · people with inflammatory bowel disease Remote care through telehealth for people with inflammatory bowel disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cognitive behavioural therapy manual and telephone support vs usual care Quality of life · people with inflammatory bowel disease Remote care through telehealth for people with inflammatory bowel disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Web‐based disease monitoring vs usual care Flare‐ups/relapse (dichotomous; adults) · people with inflammatory bowel disease Remote care through telehealth for people with inflammatory bowel disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [0.93, 1.27] | 5 studies · 868 participants | Moderate |
Web‐based disease monitoring vs usual care Flare‐ups/relapse (continuous; adults) · people with inflammatory bowel disease Remote care through telehealth for people with inflammatory bowel disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 909 participants | Moderate |
Web‐based disease monitoring vs usual care Flare‐ups/relapse (dichotomous; children) · people with inflammatory bowel disease Remote care through telehealth for people with inflammatory bowel disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.65, 1.51] | 1 study · 170 participants | Low |
Web‐based disease monitoring vs usual care Quality of life (adults) · people with inflammatory bowel disease Remote care through telehealth for people with inflammatory bowel disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 1099 participants | Moderate |
Web‐based disease monitoring vs sham monitoring Disease activity · people with inflammatory bowel disease Remote care through telehealth for people with inflammatory bowel disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Web‐based disease monitoring vs sham monitoring Flare‐ups/relapse · people with inflammatory bowel disease Remote care through telehealth for people with inflammatory bowel disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Web‐based disease monitoring vs sham monitoring Quality of life (adults) · people with inflammatory bowel disease Remote care through telehealth for people with inflammatory bowel disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 447 participants | Very low |
Web‐based disease monitoring vs self‐screening Disease activity (adults) · people with inflammatory bowel disease Remote care through telehealth for people with inflammatory bowel disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 102 participants | Very low |
Proton pump inhibitor treatment vs H2RA, placebo or no treatment Mortality ‐ within 30 days · people with upper gastrointestinal bleeding prior to endoscopic diagnosis Proton pump inhibitor treatment initiated prior to endoscopic diagnosis in upper gastrointestinal bleeding (2022) · Cochrane | OR 1.14 [0.76, 1.7] | 5 studies · 2143 participants | Low |
Proton pump inhibitor treatment vs H2RA, placebo or no treatment Rebleeding ‐ within 30 days · people with upper gastrointestinal bleeding prior to endoscopic diagnosis Proton pump inhibitor treatment initiated prior to endoscopic diagnosis in upper gastrointestinal bleeding (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.81 [0.62, 1.06] | 5 studies · 2121 participants | Low |
Proton pump inhibitor treatment vs H2RA, placebo or no treatment Surgery ‐ within 30 days · people with upper gastrointestinal bleeding prior to endoscopic diagnosis Proton pump inhibitor treatment initiated prior to endoscopic diagnosis in upper gastrointestinal bleeding (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.91 [0.65, 1.26] | 6 studies · 2223 participants | Low |
Proton pump inhibitor treatment vs H2RA, placebo or no treatment Proportion of participants with stigmata of recent haemorrhage at index endoscopy · people with upper gastrointestinal bleeding prior to endoscopic diagnosis Proton pump inhibitor treatment initiated prior to endoscopic diagnosis in upper gastrointestinal bleeding (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.8 [0.52, 1.21] | 4 studies · 1332 participants | Low |
Proton pump inhibitor treatment vs H2RA, placebo or no treatment Endoscopic haemostatic treatment at index endoscopy · people with upper gastrointestinal bleeding prior to endoscopic diagnosis Proton pump inhibitor treatment initiated prior to endoscopic diagnosis in upper gastrointestinal bleeding (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.68 [0.5, 0.93] | 3 studies · 1983 participants | Moderate |
Tacrolimus vs placebo Clinical remission · adults with refractory, moderate‐to‐severe ulcerative colitis Tacrolimus (FK506) for induction of remission in corticosteroid‐refractory ulcerative colitis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 3.76 [1.03, 13.73] | 3 studies · 148 participants | Low |
Tacrolimus vs beclometasone Clinical improvement · adults with refractory, moderate‐to‐severe ulcerative colitis Tacrolimus (FK506) for induction of remission in corticosteroid‐refractory ulcerative colitis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.66, 1.52] | 1 study · 88 participants | Low |
Tacrolimus vs beclometasone Serious adverse events · adults with refractory, moderate‐to‐severe ulcerative colitis Tacrolimus (FK506) for induction of remission in corticosteroid‐refractory ulcerative colitis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.13, 71.7] | 1 study · 88 participants | Low |
Tacrolimus vs beclometasone Total adverse events · adults with refractory, moderate‐to‐severe ulcerative colitis Tacrolimus (FK506) for induction of remission in corticosteroid‐refractory ulcerative colitis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.5 [0.88, 2.55] | 1 study · 88 participants | Low |
Tacrolimus vs placebo Clinical improvement · adults with refractory, moderate‐to‐severe ulcerative colitis Tacrolimus (FK506) for induction of remission in corticosteroid‐refractory ulcerative colitis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 4.47 [2.15, 9.29] | 3 studies · 148 participants | Low |
Tacrolimus vs placebo Serious adverse events · adults with refractory, moderate‐to‐severe ulcerative colitis Tacrolimus (FK506) for induction of remission in corticosteroid‐refractory ulcerative colitis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 2.44 [0.12, 48.77] | 3 studies · 148 participants | Very low |
Tacrolimus vs placebo Total adverse events · adults with refractory, moderate‐to‐severe ulcerative colitis Tacrolimus (FK506) for induction of remission in corticosteroid‐refractory ulcerative colitis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.18 [0.91, 1.54] | 3 studies · 148 participants | Low |
Tacrolimus vs ciclosporin Clinical remission · adults with refractory, moderate‐to‐severe ulcerative colitis Tacrolimus (FK506) for induction of remission in corticosteroid‐refractory ulcerative colitis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.52 [0.92, 2.5] | 1 study · 113 participants | Very low |
Tacrolimus vs ciclosporin Clinical improvement · adults with refractory, moderate‐to‐severe ulcerative colitis Tacrolimus (FK506) for induction of remission in corticosteroid‐refractory ulcerative colitis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.7, 1.16] | 1 study · 113 participants | Very low |
Tacrolimus vs ciclosporin Serious adverse events · adults with refractory, moderate‐to‐severe ulcerative colitis Tacrolimus (FK506) for induction of remission in corticosteroid‐refractory ulcerative colitis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tacrolimus vs ciclosporin Total adverse events · adults with refractory, moderate‐to‐severe ulcerative colitis Tacrolimus (FK506) for induction of remission in corticosteroid‐refractory ulcerative colitis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tacrolimus vs beclometasone Clinical remission · adults with refractory, moderate‐to‐severe ulcerative colitis Tacrolimus (FK506) for induction of remission in corticosteroid‐refractory ulcerative colitis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.6, 1.88] | 1 study · 88 participants | Low |
Guidewire‐assisted cannulation vs contrast‐assisted cannulation Post‐ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) · Patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic ERCP Guidewire‐assisted cannulation of the common bile duct for the prevention of post‐endoscopic retrograde… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.51 [0.36, 0.72] | 15 studies · 4426 participants | Moderate |
Guidewire‐assisted cannulation vs contrast‐assisted cannulation Primary cannulation success · Patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic ERCP Guidewire‐assisted cannulation of the common bile duct for the prevention of post‐endoscopic retrograde… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [1.01, 1.12] | 13 studies · 3962 participants | Low |
Guidewire‐assisted cannulation vs contrast‐assisted cannulation Overall cannulation success · Patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic ERCP Guidewire‐assisted cannulation of the common bile duct for the prevention of post‐endoscopic retrograde… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [1, 1.03] | 15 studies · 4426 participants | Moderate |
Guidewire‐assisted cannulation vs contrast‐assisted cannulation Need for precut sphincterotomy · Patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic ERCP Guidewire‐assisted cannulation of the common bile duct for the prevention of post‐endoscopic retrograde… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.64, 0.96] | 10 studies · 2849 participants | Moderate |
Guidewire‐assisted cannulation vs contrast‐assisted cannulation Post‐sphincterotomy bleeding · Patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic ERCP Guidewire‐assisted cannulation of the common bile duct for the prevention of post‐endoscopic retrograde… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.49, 1.54] | 7 studies · 2122 participants | Low |
Guidewire‐assisted cannulation vs contrast‐assisted cannulation Perforation · Patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic ERCP Guidewire‐assisted cannulation of the common bile duct for the prevention of post‐endoscopic retrograde… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.11, 8.23] | 8 studies · 2522 participants | Very low |
Guidewire‐assisted cannulation vs contrast‐assisted cannulation Mortality · Patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic ERCP Guidewire‐assisted cannulation of the common bile duct for the prevention of post‐endoscopic retrograde… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 2276 participants | Moderate |
Physical activity vs usual care IBS symptoms · people with IBS Physical activity for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 185 participants | Very low |
Similar physical activity interventions vs any control Quality of life – yoga interventions · people with IBS Physical activity for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 177 participants | Very low |
Similar physical activity interventions vs any control Quality of life – supervised treadmill exercise · people with IBS Physical activity for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Similar physical activity interventions vs any control Quality of life – advice to increase physical activity · people with IBS Physical activity for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 93 participants | Very low |
Similar physical activity interventions vs any control Abdominal pain · people with IBS Physical activity for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 48 participants | Very low |
Physical activity vs pharmacological therapy IBS symptoms · people with IBS Physical activity for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 21 participants | Very low |
Physical activity vs dietary interventions IBS symptoms – 12 weeks · people with IBS Physical activity for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 59 participants | Low |
Physical activity vs dietary interventions Quality of life – 12 weeks · people with IBS Physical activity for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 59 participants | Low |
Physical activity vs dietary interventions Quality of life – 24 weeks · people with IBS Physical activity for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 59 participants | Low |
Physical activity vs dietary interventions Abdominal pain – 12 weeks · people with IBS Physical activity for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 59 participants | Low |
Physical activity vs dietary interventions Abdominal pain – 24 weeks · people with IBS Physical activity for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 59 participants | Low |
Physical activity vs usual care Quality of life · people with IBS Physical activity for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 134 participants | Very low |
Physical activity vs usual care Abdominal pain · people with IBS Physical activity for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 64 participants | Very low |
Yoga vs walking IBS symptoms · people with IBS Physical activity for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 124 participants | Very low |