Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
806 questions in 76 reviews · ENT
current versionsNo studies 293 · 36.4%Ungraded 6 · 0.7%Very low 244 · 30.3%Low 170 · 21.1%Moderate 85 · 10.5%High 8 · 1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
CBT vs TRT (directive counselling and bilateral masking) Serious adverse effects · adults with tinnitus Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.45 [0.04, 4.64] | 1 study · 42 participants | Low |
CBT vs no intervention/waiting list control Impact of tinnitus on quality of life at treatment end · adults with tinnitus Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 537 participants | Low |
CBT vs TRT (directive counselling and bilateral masking) Depression · adults with tinnitus Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Low |
CBT vs TRT (directive counselling and bilateral masking) Anxiety · adults with tinnitus Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Low |
CBT vs TRT (directive counselling and bilateral masking) Health‐related quality of life · adults with tinnitus Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Low |
CBT vs TRT (directive counselling and bilateral masking) Negatively biased interpretations of tinnitus · adults with tinnitus Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Low |
CBT vs TRT (directive counselling and bilateral masking) Other adverse effects · adults with tinnitus Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Low |
CBT vs other experimental control Outcomes at end of treatment · adults with tinnitus Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
CBT vs other experimental control Impact of tinnitus on quality of life at end of treatment · adults with tinnitus Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 966 participants | Low |
CBT vs other experimental control Serious adverse effects · adults with tinnitus Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.7 [0.16, 18.36] | 6 studies · 595 participants | Low |
CBT vs other experimental control Depression at end of treatment · adults with tinnitus Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 943 participants | Low |
CBT vs other experimental control Anxiety at end of treatment · adults with tinnitus Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 696 participants | Low |
CBT vs no intervention/waiting list control Serious adverse effects at end of treatment · adults with tinnitus Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus (2020) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.13, 69.87] | 7 studies · 447 participants | Moderate |
CBT vs other experimental control Health‐related quality of life at end of treatment · adults with tinnitus Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 95 participants | Very low |
CBT vs other experimental control Negatively biased interpretations of tinnitus at end of treatment · adults with tinnitus Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 455 participants | Moderate |
CBT vs other experimental control Other adverse effects · adults with tinnitus Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 595 participants | Low |
CBT vs no intervention/waiting list control Depression at end of treatment · adults with tinnitus Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 502 participants | Low |
CBT vs no intervention/waiting list control Anxiety at end of treatment · adults with tinnitus Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 429 participants | Very low |
CBT vs no intervention/waiting list control Health‐related quality of life · adults with tinnitus Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 179 participants | Very low |
CBT vs no intervention/waiting list control Negatively biased interpretations of tinnitus · adults with tinnitus Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 84 participants | Very low |
CBT vs no intervention/waiting list control Other adverse effects · adults with tinnitus Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 447 participants | Moderate |
CBT vs audiological care (tinnitus education and rehabilitation Outcomes at end of treatment · adults with tinnitus Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antibiotics vs placebo/no treatment Resolution of ear discharge ‐ measured at 1 to 2 weeks · patients with mucopurulent otorrhoea Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | RR 6.74 [1.82, 24.99] | 1 study · 35 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Health‐related quality of life · CSOM, recurrence of CSOM or suppuration following mastoidectomy or tympanoplasty Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Ear pain (otalgia) or discomfort or local irritation · CSOM, recurrence of CSOM or suppuration following mastoidectomy or tympanoplasty Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Hearing · CSOM, recurrence of CSOM or suppuration following mastoidectomy or tympanoplasty Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Serious complications · CSOM, recurrence of CSOM or suppuration following mastoidectomy or tympanoplasty Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Suspected ototoxicity · CSOM, recurrence of CSOM or suppuration following mastoidectomy or tympanoplasty Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 190 participants | Very low |
Quinolones vs aminoglycosides Resolution of ear discharge ‐ measured at 1 to 2 weeks · CSOM Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.95 [0.88, 4.29] | 6 studies · 694 participants | Very low |
Quinolones vs aminoglycosides Resolution of ear discharge ‐ Measured after 4 weeks · CSOM Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Quinolones vs aminoglycosides Health‐related quality of life · CSOM Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Quinolones vs aminoglycosides Ear pain (otalgia) or discomfort or local irritation · CSOM Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 308 participants | Very low |
Quinolones vs aminoglycosides Hearing · CSOM Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 132 participants | Very low |
Topical antibiotics vs placebo/no treatment Resolution of ear discharge ‐ measured after 4 weeks · patients with mucopurulent otorrhoea Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Quinolones vs aminoglycosides Serious complications · CSOM Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Quinolones vs aminoglycosides Suspected ototoxicity · CSOM Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 352 participants | Very low |
Topical antibiotics vs placebo/no treatment Health‐related quality of life · patients with mucopurulent otorrhoea Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antibiotics vs placebo/no treatment Ear pain (otalgia) or discomfort or local irritation · patients with mucopurulent otorrhoea Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 35 participants | Very low |
Topical antibiotics vs placebo/no treatment Hearing · patients with mucopurulent otorrhoea Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 35 participants | Very low |
Topical antibiotics vs placebo/no treatment Serious complications · patients with mucopurulent otorrhoea Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antibiotics vs placebo/no treatment Suspected ototoxicity · patients with mucopurulent otorrhoea Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 35 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Resolution of ear discharge‐ measured at 1 to 2 weeks · CSOM, recurrence of CSOM or suppuration following mastoidectomy or tympanoplasty Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.47 [1.2, 1.8] | 2 studies · 150 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Resolution of ear discharge ‐ measured after 4 weeks · CSOM, recurrence of CSOM or suppuration following mastoidectomy or tympanoplasty Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antibiotics with steroids vs placebo/no treatment Resolution of ear discharge at between 1 and up to 2 weeks · people (of any age) with chronic suppurative otitis media Topical antibiotics with steroids for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antibiotics with steroids vs topical antibiotics alone (same antibiotics) Health‐related quality of life · people (of any age) with chronic suppurative otitis media or ear discharge Topical antibiotics with steroids for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antibiotics with steroids vs topical antibiotics alone (same antibiotics) Ear pain (otalgia) or discomfort or local irritation · people (of any age) with chronic suppurative otitis media or ear discharge Topical antibiotics with steroids for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 | 1 study · 105 participants | Very low |
Topical antibiotics with steroids vs topical antibiotics alone (same antibiotics) Hearing · people (of any age) with chronic suppurative otitis media or ear discharge Topical antibiotics with steroids for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 135 participants | Very low |
Topical antibiotics with steroids vs topical antibiotics alone (same antibiotics) Serious complications (including intracranial complications, extracranial complications and death) · people (of any age) with chronic suppurative otitis media or ear discharge Topical antibiotics with steroids for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antibiotics with steroids vs topical antibiotics alone (same antibiotics) Suspected ototoxicity · people (of any age) with chronic suppurative otitis media or ear discharge Topical antibiotics with steroids for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 395 participants | Very low |
Topical antibiotics with steroids vs topical antibiotics alone Resolution of ear discharge at between 1 to 2 weeks · people (of any age) with chronic suppurative otitis media or ear discharge Topical antibiotics with steroids for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.71, 0.84] | 7 studies · 903 participants | Low |