It is very uncertain whether vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals changes gestational diabetes compared with calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D) (very low certainty).
Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals showed no clear difference in preterm birth (less than 37 weeks' gestation) compared with calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D) (low certainty).
Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals showed no clear difference in low birthweight (less than 2500 g) compared with calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D) (low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
It is very uncertain whether any‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (greater than 400 IU/day) changes withdrawals due to adverse events compared with supplemental‐dose vitamin D (less than 400 IU/day) (very low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin B12 supplementation changes maternal anaemia compared with placebo/no vitamin B12 supplementation (very low certainty).
Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin B12 supplementation showed no clear difference in low birthweight (< 2500 g) compared with placebo/no vitamin B12 supplementation (low certainty).
Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin B12 supplementation showed no clear difference in preterm birth (< 37 weeks) compared with placebo/no vitamin B12 supplementation (low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
It is very uncertain whether vitamin E changes progression to late AMD (neovascular AMD, geographic atrophy or both) compared with placebo (very low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
Vitamin E showed no clear difference in progression to visual loss (loss of 3 or more lines on logMAR chart) compared with placebo (low certainty).