Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

331 questions · 353 findings · 56 reviews

No studies found 41 · 11.6%GRADE not reported 74 · 21%Very low 128 · 36.3%Low 66 · 18.7%Moderate 32 · 9.1%High 12 · 3.4%

Cooling treatment (ice pack) vs no treatment

Perineal bruising within 24 hours of giving birth · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

It is very uncertain whether cooling treatment (ice pack or cold gel pad) changes perineal bruising within 24 hours of giving birth compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cooling treatment (ice pack) vs no treatment

Perineal bruising 24 ‐ 48 hours after giving birth · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

It is very uncertain whether cooling treatment (ice pack or cold gel pad) changes perineal bruising 24 ‐ 48 hours after giving birth compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any supplement containing iodine vs same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal outcomes)

Low birthweight · women during the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum period

Any supplement containing iodine showed no clear difference in low birthweight compared with same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (child… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any supplement containing iodine vs same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal outcomes)

Neonatal hypothyroidism or elevated TSH · women during the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum period

It is very uncertain whether any supplement containing iodine changes neonatal hypothyroidism or elevated TSH compared with same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (child… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any supplement containing iodine vs same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal outcomes)

Neonatal adverse effect: elevated TPO‐ab · women during the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum period

It is very uncertain whether any supplement containing iodine changes neonatal adverse effect: elevated TPO‐ab compared with same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (child… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any supplement containing iodine vs same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal outcomes)

Perinatal mortality · women during the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum period

Any supplement containing iodine showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality compared with same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (child… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary counselling tailored to a Stage of Change (Transtheoretical Model) to increase fruit and vegetable intake (two counselling sessions) vs usual care

Vegetable consumption behaviour: proportion in the Action Stage of Change (versus Pre-Action) · Edentulous patients aged 45 to 80 years attending dental-student teaching clinics for replacement dentures, Newcastle Dental Hospital, UK
1 finding from 1 review

Dietary counselling tailored to a Stage of Change (Transtheoretical Model) to increase fruit and vegetable intake (two counselling sessions) vs usual care

Fruit consumption · Edentulous patients aged 45 to 80 years attending dental-student teaching clinics for replacement dentures, Newcastle Dental Hospital, UK
1 finding from 1 review

Dietary counselling tailored to a Stage of Change (Transtheoretical Model) to increase fruit and vegetable intake (two counselling sessions) vs usual care

Body‐mass index (BMI) · Edentulous patients aged 45 to 80 years attending dental-student teaching clinics for replacement dentures, Newcastle Dental Hospital, UK
1 finding from 1 review

Dietary counselling tailored to a Stage of Change (Transtheoretical Model) to increase fruit and vegetable intake (two counselling sessions) vs usual care

Vegetable consumption (grams per day) · Edentulous patients aged 45 to 80 years attending dental-student teaching clinics for replacement dentures, Newcastle Dental Hospital, UK
1 finding from 1 review

Dietary counselling tailored to a Stage of Change (Transtheoretical Model) to increase fruit and vegetable intake (two counselling sessions) vs usual care

Fruit juice consumption: risk of starting to drink fruit juice · Edentulous patients aged 45 to 80 years attending dental-student teaching clinics for replacement dentures, Newcastle Dental Hospital, UK

Dietary counselling tailored to a Stage of Change (Transtheoretical… showed no clear difference in fruit juice consumption: risk of starting to drink fruit juice compared with usual care; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary counselling tailored to a Stage of Change (Transtheoretical Model) to increase fruit and vegetable intake (two counselling sessions) vs usual care

Fruit consumption behaviour: proportion in the Action Stage of Change (versus Pre-Action) · Edentulous patients aged 45 to 80 years attending dental-student teaching clinics for replacement dentures, Newcastle Dental Hospital, UK
1 finding from 1 review

Oral methotrexate plus intra‐articular glucocorticoid vs intra‐articular glucocorticoid alone

Sustained clinically inactive diseasec · children and young people with JIA

Oral methotrexate plus intra‐articular glucocorticoid showed no clear difference in sustained clinically inactive diseaseb(12 months) compared with intra‐articular glucocorticoid alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine mouthrinse (any concentration; 0.05% to 0.2%) used in conjunction with mechanical oral hygiene procedures vs Placebo/control mouthrinse, or no mouthrinse (mechanical oral hygiene alone); controls pooled (protocol's separate comparisons versus mechanical oral hygiene alone and versus placebo/control merged)

Extrinsic tooth staining (various staining indices) · Children or adults with gingivitis or periodontitis capable of performing normal mechanical oral hygiene procedures (some with medical…

Chlorhexidine mouthrinse (any concentration; 0.05% to 0.2%) used in… led to higher extrinsic tooth staining (various staining indices) compared with placebo/control mouthrinse, or no mouthrinse (mechanical oral…; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Resin-modified glass ionomer (Vitremer) vs Amalgam restoration

Marginal integrity, wear, surface texture, staining and secondary caries (Ryge criteria) at 6-12 months · Children aged 12 years or younger with tooth decay involving at least one tooth in the primary dentition, symptomatic or symptom free
1 finding from 1 review
  • Marginal integrity, wear, surface texture, axial contour, staining and secondary caries (Ryge criteria) at 6 and 12 months: odds ratios not estimable - no events recorded, implying equal performance of the two materials.
    1 study · 60 participants
    GRADE not reported