Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

329 questions · 345 findings · 49 reviews · Schizophrenia

No studies found 23 · 6.7%GRADE not reported 17 · 4.9%Very low 117 · 33.9%Low 87 · 25.2%Moderate 91 · 26.4%High 10 · 2.9%

FLUPENTHIXOL DECANOATE vs other depot antipsychotic drugs

Clinical response: global state ‐ no clinical improvement ‐ short term Rates of improvement · patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses

FLUPENTHIXOL DECANOATE showed no clear difference in clinical response: global state ‐ no clinical improvement ‐ short… compared with OTHER DEPOT ANTIPSYCHOTICS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

FLUPENTHIXOL DECANOATE vs other depot antipsychotic drugs

Leaving the study early ‐ short/medium term Rate of attrition · patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses

FLUPENTHIXOL DECANOATE showed no clear difference in leaving the study early ‐ short/medium term Rate of attrition compared with OTHER DEPOT ANTIPSYCHOTICS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

FLUPENTHIXOL DECANOATE vs other depot antipsychotic drugs

Adverse effects: general ‐ movement disorders ‐ requiring anticholinergic medication ‐ short/medium term Numbers requiring anticholinergic medication · patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses

FLUPENTHIXOL DECANOATE showed no clear difference in adverse effects: general ‐ movement disorders ‐ requiring… compared with OTHER DEPOT ANTIPSYCHOTICS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

FLUPENTHIXOL DECANOATE HIGH DOSE vs FLUPENTHIXOL DECANOATE STANDARD DOSE (˜40 mg/IM)

Leaving the study early ‐ short/medium term Rate of attrition · patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses

FLUPENTHIXOL DECANOATE HIGH DOSE may leads to lower leaving the study early ‐ short/medium term Rate of attrition compared with FLUPENTHIXOL DECANOATE STANDARD DOSE (˜40 mg/IM) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

FLUPENTHIXOL DECANOATE VERY LOW (˜6 mg/IM) DOSE vs FLUPENTHIXOL DECANOATE LOW DOSE (˜9 mg/IM)

Adverse effects: general ‐ movement disorders ‐ requiring anticholinergic medication ‐ short/medium term ‐ not reported · patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

FLUPENTHIXOL DECANOATE vs GENERAL ORAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Leaving the study early ‐ short/medium term Rate of attrition · patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses

It is very uncertain whether FLUPENTHIXOL DECANOATE changes leaving the study early ‐ short term Rate of attrition compared with ORAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

FLUPENTHIXOL DECANOATE vs GENERAL ORAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Adverse effects: general ‐ movement disorders ‐ requiring anticholinergic medication ‐ short term Numbers requiring anticholinergic medication · patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses

It is very uncertain whether FLUPENTHIXOL DECANOATE changes adverse effects: general ‐ movement disorders ‐ requiring… compared with ORAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ACUPUNCTURE added to LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ACUPUNCTURE added to LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS changes behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) compared with STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Global state: not improved ‐ short‐term GAF · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ACUPUNCTURE changes global state: Not improved (talk, behaviour and expression still… compared with STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Adverse effects: any observed extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ short term (up to 6 months) · patients with schizophrenia

ACUPUNCTURE may leads to lower adverse effects: Extrapyramidal symptoms (short‐term) compared with STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ACUPUNCTURE added to STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Mental state: PANSS (not improved, reduced rated < 25%, short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ACUPUNCTURE added to STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS changes mental state: PANSS (not improved, reduced rated < 25%, short‐term) compared with STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ACUPUNCTURE added to TCM DRUG vs TCM DRUG

Global state: no improvement ‐ medium termAs defined in each study · patients with schizophrenia

ACUPUNCTURE added to TCM DRUG may leads to lower global state: Not improved (talk, behaviour and expression still… compared with TCM DRUG (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review