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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

364 questions · 388 findings · 28 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 15 · 3.9%GRADE not reported 20 · 5.2%Very low 133 · 34.3%Low 161 · 41.5%Moderate 58 · 14.9%High 1 · 0.3%

CBT vs TAU

Reduction in pain intensity · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults

It is very uncertain whether CBT changes pain intensity (number of people with ≥ 30 % improvement)… compared with TAU (at follow‐up) (very low certainty).

2 findings from 2 reviews · compare the 2 reviews

CBT vs TAU

Functional disability (Higher scores indicate higher levels of disability) · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults
2 findings from 1 review

CBT vs TAU

Quality of life (Higher scores indicate improvement) · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults
2 findings from 1 review

CBT vs active control

Participant‐reported pain relief of 30% or greater · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults
2 findings from 1 review

CBT vs active control

Pain intensity (number of people with ≥ 50% improvement) · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults
2 findings from 1 review

CBT vs active control

Functional disability at 3 months ‐ not measured · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults
2 findings from 1 review

CBT vs active control

Quality of life (Higher scores indicate improvement) · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults
2 findings from 1 review

CBT vs TAU

Pain intensity (number of people with ≥ 30% improvement) (Higher scores indicate improvement) · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults

CBT probably leads to higher pain intensity (number of people with ≥ 30% improvement) (Higher… compared with TAU (post‐treatment) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CBT vs TAU

Pain intensity (number of people with ≥ 50% improvement) · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults

CBT may leads to higher pain intensity (number of people with ≥ 50% improvement) (Higher… compared with TAU (post‐treatment) (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review