Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

346 questions · 375 findings · 54 reviews · Effective Practice and Organisation of Care

No studies found 84 · 22.4%GRADE not reported 18 · 4.8%Very low 93 · 24.8%Low 103 · 27.5%Moderate 62 · 16.5%High 15 · 4%

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led interventions vs enhanced usual care

Prevalence of morphine use · adult patients with substance dependence

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led… changes prevalence of morphine use compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary‐level worker‐led collaborative care vs usual care

Prevalence of CMD ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) Diagnosis defined by presence of ICD‐10 diagnosis on CIS‐Rg; prevalence defined by [Total number ‐ number recovered (recovery defined by HDRS < 8)]c (RR < 1 denotes lower prev... · adults with common mental disorders

Primary‐level worker‐led collaborative care showed no clear difference in prevalence of CMD ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post… compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pay for performance (P4P) plus existing payment methods vs existing payment methods

Quantity of service provision (continuous) ‐ number of detailed disease‐related consultation services per 100 prescriptions · healthcare providers working in outpatient healthcare settings

Pay for performance (P4P) plus existing payment methods may leads to higher quantity of service provision (continuous) ‐ number of detailed… compared with existing payment methods (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pay for performance (P4P) plus existing payment methods vs existing payment methods

Quality of service provision ‐ physician prescribing practices · healthcare providers working in outpatient healthcare settings

Pay for performance (P4P) plus existing payment methods may leads to higher quality of service provision ‐ physician prescribing practices compared with existing payment methods (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pay for performance (P4P) plus existing payment methods vs existing payment methods

Patient outcomes ‐ reduction in blood pressure · healthcare providers working in outpatient healthcare settings

It is very uncertain whether pay for performance (P4P) plus existing payment methods changes patient outcomes ‐ reduction in blood pressure compared with existing payment methods (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pay for performance (P4P) plus existing payment methods vs existing payment methods

Quality of service provision and patient outcomes ‐ blood pressure management · healthcare providers working in outpatient healthcare settings

Pay for performance (P4P) plus existing payment methods may leads to higher quality of service provision and patient outcomes ‐ blood pressure… compared with existing payment methods (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Finding 19: social exclusion. Some parents, predominantly from LMICs, were less accepting of childhood vaccination due to their experiences of social exclusion. Social exclusion may involve economic disadvantage, residential segregation, a lack of... · groups. Numerous parents characterised infants and young children as weak and vulnerable, and in need of protection against multiple…
1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐initiated appointment systems vs consultant‐led appointment systems

Patient outcomes: depression (HADS)a 9–24 months · adults with a chronic or recurrent condition

Patient‐initiated appointment systems showed no clear difference in patient outcomes: depression (HADS)a 9–24 months compared with consultant‐led appointment systems (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐intensity brief text messaging (SMS) vs low‐intensity brief text messaging

Documenting of matched pregnancy outcome data · Community health care workers, known as Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs) (n = 156) associated with 30 health facilities.

High‐intensity brief text messaging (SMS) showed no clear difference in documenting of matched pregnancy outcome data compared with low‐intensity brief text messaging (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mobile technologies used by community health or home‐care workers vs usual care

Time between presentation and management of the health condition · Community‐based peer health workers consulting with clinic staff about receiving antiretroviral therapy, community nurses consulting with…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Mobile technologies used by primary care providers to consult with a hospital‐based specialist vs usual care

Time between presentation and management of the health condition · Primary care providers consulting with dermatologists (6 studies), ophthalmologists (2 studies), radiologists (1 study), nephrologists (1…
1 finding from 1 review

The introduction of nursing assistive personnel (NAP) to the hospital workforce vs usual staffing

Patients with pressure ulcers · patients admitted to a cardiovascular surgery/urology/ophthalmology unit, a kidney transplant/plastic surgery unit, an oncology unit, or…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review