Any oxygen desaturation occurring 12‐24 hours following completion of the operation · Preterm infants requiring surgery for inguinal hernia in early infancy
Regional (spinal, epidural, caudal) showed no clear difference in any oxygen desaturation occurring 12‐24 hours following completion… compared with general anaesthesia (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Use of post‐operative respiratory support · Preterm infants requiring surgery for inguinal hernia in early infancy
Regional (spinal, epidural, caudal) showed no clear difference in use of post‐operative respiratory support compared with general anaesthesia (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Post‐operative apnoea with preoperative sedatives excluded · Preterm infants requiring surgery for inguinal hernia in early infancy
Regional (spinal, epidural, caudal) probably leads to lower post‐operative apnoea with preoperative sedatives excluded compared with general anaesthesia (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Anaesthetic agent failure · Preterm infants requiring surgery for inguinal hernia in early infancy
Regional (spinal, epidural, caudal) may leads to higher anaesthetic agent failure compared with general anaesthesia (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Anaesthetic placement failure · Preterm infants requiring surgery for inguinal hernia in early infancy
Regional (spinal, epidural, caudal) showed no clear difference in anaesthetic placement failure compared with general anaesthesia (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Primary outcomes · infants at risk for, or having early symptoms consistent with, opioid withdrawal
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
– Modifying environmental stimulation · infants at risk for, or having early symptoms consistent with, opioid withdrawal
1 finding from 1 review
– Feeding practices · infants at risk for, or having early symptoms consistent with, opioid withdrawal
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
– Support of the mother‐infant dyad · infants at risk for, or having early symptoms consistent with, opioid withdrawal
1 finding from 1 review
Admission to NICU (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1 RCT) · infants at risk for, or having early symptoms consistent with, opioid withdrawal
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Respiratory failure · )
Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) probably leads to lower respiratory failure compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) (by population) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Need for endotracheal tube ventilation · )
Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) probably leads to lower need for endotracheal tube ventilation compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) (by population) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Death during study period · )
Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) showed no clear difference in mortality during study period compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) (by population) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Chronic lung disease · )
Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) may leads to lower chronic lung disease compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) (by population) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pneumothorax · )
Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) showed no clear difference in pneumothorax compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) (by population) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Severe (grade 3 or greater) intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) on cranial ultrasound ‐ not reported · )
Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) showed no clear difference in severe intraventricular hemorrhage (grade III/IV) compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) (by population) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Combined outcome of death and bronchopulmonary dysplasia defined as death at any time and oxygen dependency at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age · preterm infants
Prophylactic CPAP probably leads to lower combined outcome of death and bronchopulmonary dysplasia defined as… compared with mechanical ventilation (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Failed treatment defined as the need for mechanical ventilation · preterm infants
Prophylactic CPAP probably leads to lower failed treatment defined as the need for mechanical ventilation compared with mechanical ventilation (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pulmonary air leak defined as pneumothorax · preterm infants
Prophylactic CPAP showed no clear difference in pulmonary air leak defined as pneumothorax compared with mechanical ventilation (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intraventricular haemorrhage, Papile grade 3/4 · preterm infants
Prophylactic CPAP showed no clear difference in intraventricular haemorrhage grade 3 or 4 compared with mechanical ventilation (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review