Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

179 questions · 186 findings · 21 reviews · Common Mental Disorders

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No studies found 30 · 16.1%GRADE not reported 5 · 2.7%Very low 51 · 27.4%Low 66 · 35.5%Moderate 34 · 18.3%High 0 · 0%

Behavioural activation vs CBT

Anxiety · depression in adults

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural activation therapy for depression in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 646 participants
Moderate

Behavioural activation vs CBT

adverse events (16 weeks) · depression in adults

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural activation therapy for depression in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 398 participants
Moderate

Behavioural activation vs third‐wave CBT

treatment efficacy up to 6 months (4‐8 weeks) · depression in adults

Behavioural activation showed no clear difference in treatment efficacy up to 6 months (4‐8 weeks) compared with third‐wave CBT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural activation therapy for depression in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.1 [0.91, 1.33]
2 studies · 98 participants
Low

Behavioural activation vs third‐wave CBT

Secondary outcome: acceptability of treatment · depression in adults

Behavioural activation showed no clear difference in treatment acceptability up to 6 months (4‐8 weeks) compared with third‐wave CBT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural activation therapy for depression in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.84 [0.33, 2.1]
3 studies · 147 participants
Low

EMDR vs Trauma‐focused CBT

Leaving the study early · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months

It is very uncertain whether EMDR changes leaving study early for any reason compared with trauma‐focused CBT (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.74, 1.35]
8 studies · 400 participants
Very low

EMDR vs non‐TFCBT

Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 53 participants
Very low

EMDR vs non‐TFCBT

Leaving the study early · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months

It is very uncertain whether EMDR changes leaving the study early for any reason compared with non‐TFCBT (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.37, 2.88]
3 studies · 84 participants
Very low

EMDR vs Trauma‐focused CBT

Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 327 participants
Very low

BT vs CBT

Depression severity · patients with depression

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
15 studies · 529 participants
Moderate

BT vs CBT

Leaving the study early · patients with depression

BT showed no clear difference in dropouts for any reason compared with CBT (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.46 [0.68, 3.14]
11 studies · 363 participants
Moderate

BT vs CBT

Response · patients with depression

BT showed no clear difference in response compared with CBT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.83, 1.05]
15 studies · 544 participants
Low

BT vs CBT

Remission · patients with depression

BT showed no clear difference in remission compared with CBT (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.87 [0.75, 1]
16 studies · 560 participants
Low
Behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.61, 0.98]
8 studies · 344 participants
Low

BT vs CBT

Response at · patients with depression

BT may leads to lower response at compared with CBT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.76 [0.59, 0.99]
8 studies · 344 participants
Low

Evidence‐based psychological interventions vs any comparator

Diagnosis of depression · Children or adolescents

Evidence‐based psychological interventions probably leads to lower evidence‐based psychological interventions versus any comparator… compared with any comparator (moderate certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), third‐wave CBT and interpersonal therapy (IPT) based interventions for preventing… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.84 [0.72, 0.97]
Studies not reported
Moderate
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), third‐wave CBT and interpersonal therapy (IPT) based interventions for preventing… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.68, 0.99]
Studies not reported
Very low
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), third‐wave CBT and interpersonal therapy (IPT) based interventions for preventing… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.87 [0.66, 1.14]
Studies not reported
Moderate

Evidence‐based psychological interventions vs any comparator

Evidence‐based psychological interventions versus any comparator (Overall) ‐ self‐rated depression scores (higher score is equivalent to a poorer outcome) · Children or adolescents

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), third‐wave CBT and interpersonal therapy (IPT) based interventions for preventing… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
73 studies · 13829 participants
Low

Evidence‐based psychological interventions vs any comparator

Evidence‐based psychological interventions versus any comparator (Targeted ‐ self‐rated depression scores (higher score is equivalent to a poorer outcome)) · Children or adolescents

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), third‐wave CBT and interpersonal therapy (IPT) based interventions for preventing… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
42 studies · 4816 participants
Moderate

Evidence‐based psychological interventions vs any comparator

Evidence‐based psychological interventions versus any comparator (Universal programmes) ‐ self‐rated depression scores (higher score is equivalent to a poorer outcome) · Children or adolescents

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), third‐wave CBT and interpersonal therapy (IPT) based interventions for preventing… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
31 studies · 9013 participants
Moderate

DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies

Treatment efficacy: treatment responders As assessed per study · adults with anxiety disorders

DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies showed no clear difference in treatment efficacy: treatment responders As assessed per study compared with placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Augmentation of cognitive and behavioural therapies (CBT) with d‐cycloserine for anxiety and related disorders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.1 [0.89, 1.34]
9 studies · 449 participants
Low

DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies

Remission · children and adolescents with anxiety disorders

DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies showed no clear difference in in remission As assessed per study compared with placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Augmentation of cognitive and behavioural therapies (CBT) with d‐cycloserine for anxiety and related disorders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.19 [0.66, 2.16]
2 studies · 44 participants
Low

DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies

Condition‐specific anxiety symptoms As assessed by Y‐BOCS3 (scale from 0 to 40, better indicated by a lower score) · children and adolescents with anxiety disorders

It is very uncertain whether DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies changes condition‐specific anxiety symptoms As assessed by Y‐BOCS3 (scale… compared with placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Augmentation of cognitive and behavioural therapies (CBT) with d‐cycloserine for anxiety and related disorders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 131 participants
Very low