Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,536 questions · 2,637 findings · 315 reviews

No studies found 608 · 23.1%GRADE not reported 488 · 18.5%Very low 688 · 26.1%Low 540 · 20.5%Moderate 249 · 9.4%High 64 · 2.4%

Intervention not reported

Adverse outcome: unintended adverse events attributable to the intervention Multimodal/complex intervention, ATCS Plus, IVR, unidirectional ATCS versus various controls · patients with hypertension

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Behavioural outcome: smoking abstinence Multimodal/complex intervention, ATCS Plus, IVR versus (various) controls or usual care at median · patients with tobacco dependence

The intervention showed no clear difference in behavioural outcome: smoking abstinence Multimodal/complex… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Subjective knee score ‐ KOOS‐4 score (mean score of 4 components) at 2 years: score from 0 (extreme symptoms) to 100 (no symptoms) · Adults with acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries (young, active individuals)
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

General health‐related quality of life: SF‐36 physical component score (range 0 to 100; higher score = better health state) at 2 years · Adults with acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries (young, active individuals)
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Peritoneal lavage vs. open necrosectomy · people with necrotising pancreatitis

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes peritoneal lavage vs. open necrosectomy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Peritoneal lavage vs. open necrosectomy · people with necrotising pancreatitis

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes peritoneal lavage vs. open necrosectomy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Peritoneal lavage vs. open necrosectomy · people with necrotising pancreatitis

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes peritoneal lavage vs. open necrosectomy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticonvulsants (gabapentin 300 mg/day) vs placebo

Adverse effects: drowsiness (gabapentin alone) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether anticonvulsants (gabapentin 300 mg/day) changes adverse effects: drowsiness (gabapentin alone) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐fraction radiotherapy (8 Gy) vs short‐course radiotherapy (16 Gy

Ambulation · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (poor prognosis with visceral metastasis, and no spinal instability or bony…

Single‐fraction radiotherapy (8 Gy) showed no clear difference in ambulation One month after radiation compared with short‐course radiotherapy (16 Gy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Split‐course radiotherapy (8 fractions, 30 Gy) vs short‐course radiotherapy (16 Gy

Reduction in analgesic and narcotic use One month after radiation · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (poor prognosis, no spinal instability or bony impingement of cord)

Split‐course radiotherapy (8 fractions, 30 Gy) showed no clear difference in reduction in analgesic and narcotic use One month after radiation compared with short‐course radiotherapy (2 fractions, 16 Gy) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Split‐course radiotherapy (8 fractions, 30 Gy) vs short‐course radiotherapy (16 Gy

Urinary continence One month after radiation · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (poor prognosis, no spinal instability or bony impingement of cord)

Split‐course radiotherapy (8 fractions, 30 Gy) showed no clear difference in urinary continence One month after radiation compared with short‐course radiotherapy (2 fractions, 16 Gy) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laminectomy plus radiotherapy vs radiotherapy

Urinary continence One month after radiation · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (single lesion, no prior radiotherapy, fit for surgery)

It is very uncertain whether laminectomy plus radiotherapy changes urinary continence One month after treatment compared with radiotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐fraction radiotherapy (8 Gy) vs short‐course radiotherapy (16 Gy

Reduction in analgesic and narcotic use One month after radiation · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (poor prognosis with visceral metastasis, and no spinal instability or bony…

Single‐fraction radiotherapy (8 Gy) showed no clear difference in reduction in analgesic and narcotic use One month after radiation compared with short‐course radiotherapy (16 Gy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐dose corticosteroids vs moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids

Urinary continence One week after treatment · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (without peptic ulceration or infection; mixed prognosis)

High‐dose corticosteroids showed no clear difference in urinary continence One week after treatment compared with moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐fraction radiotherapy (8 Gy) vs short‐course radiotherapy (16 Gy

Urinary continence One month after radiation · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (poor prognosis with visceral metastasis, and no spinal instability or bony…

Single‐fraction radiotherapy (8 Gy) showed no clear difference in urinary continence One month after radiation compared with short‐course radiotherapy (16 Gy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Split‐course radiotherapy (8 fractions, 30 Gy) vs short‐course radiotherapy (16 Gy

Ambulation · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (poor prognosis, no spinal instability or bony impingement of cord)

Split‐course radiotherapy (8 fractions, 30 Gy) showed no clear difference in ambulation One month after treatment compared with short‐course radiotherapy (2 fractions, 16 Gy) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Prevalence of psychological trauma (short term: up to 3 months postpartum) Measured by various scales ‐ Impact of Event Scale (IES), MINI‐PTSD · Women of any age who had given birth within one month of the intervention being offered

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms (short term: up to 3 months postpartum) Measured by various scales ‐ EPDS, HADS · Women of any age who had given birth within one month of the intervention being offered

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review