Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,543 questions · 2,589 findings · 168 reviews · Schizophrenia

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No studies found 601 · 23.2%GRADE not reported 446 · 17.2%Very low 721 · 27.8%Low 505 · 19.5%Moderate 274 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%

BIFEPRUNOX vs placebo

Mental state: 1. Mean change PANSS positive subscale (lower value = good) · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Bifeprunox versus placebo for schizophrenia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 549 participants
Low

BIFEPRUNOX vs placebo

Mental state: 2. Mean change PANSS negative subscale (lower value = good) · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Bifeprunox versus placebo for schizophrenia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 549 participants
Low

BIFEPRUNOX vs placebo

Re‐admission during · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Bifeprunox versus placebo for schizophrenia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

BIFEPRUNOX vs placebo

Global state: Deteriorated CGI · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether BIFEPRUNOX changes global state: Deteriorated CGI compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bifeprunox versus placebo for schizophrenia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.71 [0.54, 0.93]
1 study · 231 participants
Very low

BIFEPRUNOX vs placebo

Quality of life: Important change · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Bifeprunox versus placebo for schizophrenia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

BIFEPRUNOX vs placebo

Weight gain · patients with schizophrenia

BIFEPRUNOX showed no clear difference in adverse effects: Weight ‐ Total number of participants with ≥ 7%… compared with PLACEBO (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bifeprunox versus placebo for schizophrenia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.31, 3.33]
1 study · 483 participants
Moderate

BIFEPRUNOX vs placebo

Costs · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Bifeprunox versus placebo for schizophrenia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

CHLORPROMAZINE vs RESERPINE

Global state: not improved ‐ short‐term GAF · patients with schizophrenia

CHLORPROMAZINE may leads to lower global state: Not improved (short term) compared with RESERPINE (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorpromazine versus reserpine for schizophrenia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.75 [0.62, 0.92]
6 studies · 781 participants
Low

CHLORPROMAZINE vs RESERPINE

Mental state: Not improved (paranoid distortion) Multidimentional Scale for Rating Psychiatric Patients (short term) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether CHLORPROMAZINE changes mental state: Not improved (paranoid distortion) Multidimentional… compared with RESERPINE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorpromazine versus reserpine for schizophrenia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.33 [0.62, 2.89]
1 study · 19 participants
Very low

CHLORPROMAZINE vs RESERPINE

Functioning: not improved occupational adjustment (short term) · patients with schizophrenia

CHLORPROMAZINE showed no clear difference in functioning: not improved occupational adjustment (short term) compared with RESERPINE (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorpromazine versus reserpine for schizophrenia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.83 [0.47, 1.47]
1 study · 40 participants
Moderate

CHLORPROMAZINE vs RESERPINE

Adverse events ‐ toxic reaction (short term) · patients with schizophrenia

CHLORPROMAZINE showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ toxic reaction (short term) compared with RESERPINE (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorpromazine versus reserpine for schizophrenia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.68 [0.43, 6.54]
3 studies · 210 participants
Moderate

CHLORPROMAZINE vs RESERPINE

Leaving the study early ‐ due to adverse effects (short term) · patients with schizophrenia

CHLORPROMAZINE showed no clear difference in leaving the study early ‐ due to adverse effects (short term) compared with RESERPINE (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorpromazine versus reserpine for schizophrenia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.16 [0.94, 1.42]
4 studies · 229 participants
Moderate

CHLORPROMAZINE vs RESERPINE

Behaviour: Not improved ‐ general (medium term) · patients with schizophrenia

CHLORPROMAZINE showed no clear difference in behaviour: Not improved ‐ general (medium term) compared with RESERPINE (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorpromazine versus reserpine for schizophrenia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.79 [0.41, 1.53]
1 study · 98 participants
Moderate

CHLORPROMAZINE vs RESERPINE

Quality of life: No clinically important change in quality of life · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorpromazine versus reserpine for schizophrenia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Educational intervention with information and practical components (theoretical oral health education plus practical skills training) for nursing staff and/or residents vs usual care

Quality of life: Chronic pain · People with serious mental illness (all included participants had schizophrenia); majority aged 18 to 65 years per NIMH 1987, or with…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
No study reported useable data
0 studies
No studies found

Motivational interview plus oral health education vs Oral health education

Oral health: Not brushing teeth twice a day · People with serious mental illness (all included participants had schizophrenia); majority aged 18 to 65 years per NIMH 1987, or with…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
No study reported useable data
0 studies
No studies found

Motivational interview plus oral health education vs Oral health education

Oral health: Not having seen a dentist in the past year · People with serious mental illness (all included participants had schizophrenia); majority aged 18 to 65 years per NIMH 1987, or with…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
No study reported useable data
0 studies
No studies found

FLUPHENAZINE DECANOATE vs placebo

Death · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether FLUPHENAZINE DECANOATE changes death compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fluphenazine decanoate (depot) and enanthate for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 5 [0.25, 99.51]
1 study · 54 participants
Very low

FLUPHENAZINE DECANOATE vs ORAL NEUROLEPTICS

Global state: No clinically important change (as defined by the original studies) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether FLUPHENAZINE DECANOATE changes no clinically important global change compared with ORAL NEUROLEPTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fluphenazine decanoate (depot) and enanthate for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.85 [0.56, 1.27]
1 study · 102 participants
Very low

FLUPHENAZINE DECANOATE vs ORAL NEUROLEPTICS

Hospital admission ‐ not reported · patients with schizophrenia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Fluphenazine decanoate (depot) and enanthate for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found