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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,655 questions · 1,751 findings · 147 reviews · Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care

No studies found 361 · 20.6%GRADE not reported 87 · 5%Very low 625 · 35.7%Low 367 · 21%Moderate 232 · 13.2%High 79 · 4.5%

Nalbuphine vs piritramid

Number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (12 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery

Nalbuphine showed no clear difference in number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (24 hours… compared with piritramid (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nalbuphine vs piritramid

Number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (24 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery

Nalbuphine showed no clear difference in number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (24 hours… compared with piritramid (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nalbuphine vs placebo

Number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (12 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery

Nalbuphine may leads to lower number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (2 hours… compared with placebo (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Nalbuphine vs placebo

Number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (postoperative care unit) · children undergoing surgery

Nalbuphine showed no clear difference in number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nalbuphine vs placebo

Number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (24 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery

Nalbuphine showed no clear difference in number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (24 hours… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nalbuphine vs morphine

Number of patients with moderate/severe pain (1 hour postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery

Nalbuphine showed no clear difference in number of patients with moderate/severe pain (1 hour postoperatively) compared with morphine (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Nalbuphine vs morphine

Number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (12 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery

Nalbuphine showed no clear difference in number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (12 hours… compared with morphine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

At least 50% reduction in pain or equivalent · neuropathic pain (5 studies in painful diabetic neuropathy and polyneuropathy)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

"Moderate" benefit At least 30% reduction in pain · neuropathic pain (5 studies in painful diabetic neuropathy and polyneuropathy)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Proportion below 30/100 mm on VAS · neuropathic pain (5 studies in painful diabetic neuropathy and polyneuropathy)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Patient Global Impression of Change much or very much improved · neuropathic pain (5 studies in painful diabetic neuropathy and polyneuropathy)
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse event withdrawals · neuropathic pain (5 studies in painful diabetic neuropathy and polyneuropathy)
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events · neuropathic pain (5 studies in painful diabetic neuropathy and polyneuropathy)
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Death · neuropathic pain (5 studies in painful diabetic neuropathy and polyneuropathy)
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

At least 50% reduction in pain · neuropathic pain (6 studies in central neuropathic pain due to multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, polyneuropathy, central post‐stroke…
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

At least 30% reduction in pain · neuropathic pain (6 studies in central neuropathic pain due to multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, polyneuropathy, central post‐stroke…
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Proportion below 30/100 mm on VAS · neuropathic pain (6 studies in central neuropathic pain due to multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, polyneuropathy, central post‐stroke…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Patient Global Impression of Change very much improved (patient global evaluation of pain relief complete or good) · neuropathic pain (6 studies in central neuropathic pain due to multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, polyneuropathy, central post‐stroke…
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Patient Global Impression of Change much or very much improved (patient global evaluation of pain relief complete, good or moderate) · neuropathic pain (6 studies in central neuropathic pain due to multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, polyneuropathy, central post‐stroke…
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Any measure of 'substantial' pain relief · neuropathic pain (6 studies in central neuropathic pain due to multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, polyneuropathy, central post‐stroke…
1 finding from 1 review