Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,006 questions · 3,171 findings · 607 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 411 · 13%GRADE not reported 153 · 4.8%Very low 968 · 30.5%Low 897 · 28.3%Moderate 589 · 18.6%High 153 · 4.8%

Relaxation vs usual care

Satisfaction with childbirth experience (higher scores indicate more satisfaction) · women in labour

1 finding from 1 review

Relaxation techniques for pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 1176 participants
Very low

Yoga vs control

Satisfaction with pain relief · women in labour

1 finding from 1 review

Relaxation techniques for pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 66 participants
Low

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Refractive error ‐ very high myopia ‐ at 30 months of age (unit of analysis: eyes) · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy may leads to lower refractive error ‐ very high myopia ‐ at 30 months of age (unit of… compared with conventional laser/cryotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs for treatment of retinopathy of prematurity 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.06 [0.02, 0.2]
1 study · 211 participants
Low

Physical and cognitive therapy vs usual care

Cognitive function · critically ill patients 18 years or older treated for respiratory failure or septic or both, cardiogenic or haemorrhagic shock who resided…

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing intensive care unit delirium in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 30 participants
Very low

Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors vs placebo

Mental state: significant response or improvement in negative symptoms (PANSS negative subscale, high = worse) ‐ short term (12 weeks) · adults with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors changes mental state: significant response or improvement in negative… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors for schizophrenia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.17 [1.52, 6.58]
1 study · 50 participants
Very low

Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors vs placebo

Mental state: 2. Positive symptoms ‐ average endpoint score PANSS positive subscore · adults with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors for schizophrenia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 294 participants
Low

Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors vs placebo

Clinical global response: significant response or improvement in global status (CGI‐S, high = worse) ‐ short term (4 weeks) · adults with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors changes clinical global response: significant response or improvement in… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors for schizophrenia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.45, 2.2]
1 study · 28 participants
Very low

Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors vs placebo

QoL · adults with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors for schizophrenia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 114 participants
Very low

Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) vs placebo

Fatigue · patients with fibromyalgia

Serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors showed no clear difference in self‐reported fatigue (20‐100 scale) Higher scores indicate higher… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for fibromyalgia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 6168 participants
Low

Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) vs placebo

Participant‐reported sleep problems (scale: 0 to 28; higher scores indicate more sleep problems) · patients with fibromyalgia

Serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors showed no clear difference in self‐reported sleep problems (0‐100 scale) Higher scores indicate… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for fibromyalgia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 4547 participants
Low

Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) vs placebo

Self‐reported health‐related quality of life (0‐100 scale) Higher scores indicate higher burden of disease (lower quality of life) · patients with fibromyalgia

Serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors showed no clear difference in self‐reported health‐related quality of life (0‐100 scale) Higher… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for fibromyalgia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
14 studies · 6861 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Next‐day alertness Participant reports. Scale from: 0 to 10 points; higher scores equalled better outcome; CFB and double‐blind average values included · Patients with insomnia

1 finding from 1 review

Eszopiclone for insomnia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 2061 participants
Low

NMES and exercise vs exercise (with or without sham NMES)

Thigh muscle size · COPD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrostimulation for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

NMES vs usual care with or without sham interventions

Thigh muscle size · COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrostimulation for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 124 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Self‐efficacy. Self‐efficacy scores transformed to exercise beliefs score with score range from 17 to 85. Higher score indicated greater self‐efficacy. Mean duration of · people with chronic hip, knee or hip and knee osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise interventions and patient beliefs for people with hip, knee or hip and knee osteoarthritis: a mixed methods… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 1138 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

SF‐36 social function. Domain of SF‐36 considered representative of quality of life: mental health domain largely covered by depression and anxiety above: scale of 0‐100. Higher score indicated improved social function. Mean duration of · people with chronic hip, knee or hip and knee osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise interventions and patient beliefs for people with hip, knee or hip and knee osteoarthritis: a mixed methods… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 576 participants
Low

RISPERIDONE vs OLANZAPINE

Adverse effects: Parkinsonism ‐ average endpoint score (SAS, high = worse) · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

1 finding from 1 review

Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 16 participants
Very low

RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term

Subjective well‐being · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

1 finding from 1 review

Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 36 participants
Very low

Montelukast vs placebo

Reduction of pruritus · eczema

1 finding from 1 review

Leukotriene receptor antagonists for eczema 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 58 participants
Low

Physical ergonomic intervention vs no intervention

Self‐reported complaints of MSD pain in thighs (Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire) · Dentists

It is very uncertain whether physical ergonomic intervention changes self‐reported complaints of MSD pain in thighs (Nordic… compared with no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ergonomic interventions for preventing musculoskeletal disorders in dental care practitioners 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.57 [0.23, 1.42]
1 study · 102 participants
Very low