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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,558 questions in 115 reviews · Vascular
current versionsNo studies 346 · 22.2%Ungraded 90 · 5.8%Very low 281 · 18%Low 477 · 30.6%Moderate 313 · 20.1%High 51 · 3.3%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Ultrasound guidance vs landmark method Patient satisfaction NRS from 0 to 10 or 4‐step Likert scale The higher the score, the higher the level of satisfaction · adults undergoing peripheral venous cannulation classed as easya Ultrasound guidance versus landmark method for peripheral venous cannulation in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Ultrasound guidance vs landmark method Overall complications · adults undergoing peripheral venous cannulation classed as easya Ultrasound guidance versus landmark method for peripheral venous cannulation in adults (2022) · Cochrane | RR 2.48 [0.9, 6.87] | 1 study · 596 participants | Moderate |
Ultrasound guidance vs landmark method Pain NRS: from 0 to 10, where 10 is maximum pain · adults undergoing peripheral venous cannulation classed as difficulta Ultrasound guidance versus landmark method for peripheral venous cannulation in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 323 participants | Very low |
Ultrasound guidance vs landmark method Procedure time for first‐pass cannulation (seconds) · adults undergoing peripheral venous cannulation classed as difficulta Ultrasound guidance versus landmark method for peripheral venous cannulation in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 219 participants | Low |
Ultrasound guidance vs landmark method Number of cannulation attempts · adults undergoing peripheral venous cannulation classed as difficulta Ultrasound guidance versus landmark method for peripheral venous cannulation in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 568 participants | Very low |
Ultrasound guidance vs landmark method Patient satisfaction NRS from 0 to 10 or 4‐step Likert scale The higher the score, the higher the level of satisfaction · adults undergoing peripheral venous cannulation classed as difficulta Ultrasound guidance versus landmark method for peripheral venous cannulation in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 333 participants | Very low |
Ultrasound guidance vs landmark method Overall complications · adults undergoing peripheral venous cannulation classed as difficulta Ultrasound guidance versus landmark method for peripheral venous cannulation in adults (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.37, 1.1] | 5 studies · 431 participants | Low |
Ultrasound guidance vs landmark method First‐pass success of cannulation · adults undergoing peripheral venous cannulation classed as moderately difficulta Ultrasound guidance versus landmark method for peripheral venous cannulation in adults (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.14 [1.02, 1.27] | 1 study · 401 participants | Moderate |
Ultrasound guidance vs landmark method Overall success of cannulation · adults undergoing peripheral venous cannulation classed as moderately difficulta Ultrasound guidance versus landmark method for peripheral venous cannulation in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Ultrasound‐accelerated thrombolysis vs thrombolysis alone Primary patency · adults with ALI Percutaneous thrombectomy or ultrasound‐accelerated thrombolysis for initial management of acute limb… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Ungraded |
Ultrasound‐accelerated thrombolysis vs thrombolysis alone Amputation rate · adults with ALI Percutaneous thrombectomy or ultrasound‐accelerated thrombolysis for initial management of acute limb… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.14 [0.17, 7.59] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Ultrasound‐accelerated thrombolysis vs thrombolysis alone Major bleeding · adults with ALI Percutaneous thrombectomy or ultrasound‐accelerated thrombolysis for initial management of acute limb… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.71 [0.31, 9.53] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Ultrasound‐accelerated thrombolysis vs thrombolysis alone Clinical success ‐ increase in ABI by at least 0.2 · adults with ALI Percutaneous thrombectomy or ultrasound‐accelerated thrombolysis for initial management of acute limb… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.94, 1.07] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Ultrasound‐accelerated thrombolysis vs thrombolysis alone Secondary patency · adults with ALI Percutaneous thrombectomy or ultrasound‐accelerated thrombolysis for initial management of acute limb… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Ungraded |
Ultrasound‐accelerated thrombolysis vs thrombolysis alone Adverse events · adults with ALI Percutaneous thrombectomy or ultrasound‐accelerated thrombolysis for initial management of acute limb… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 5.69 [0.28, 113.72] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Higher‐dose heparin vs standard‐dose heparin VTE · people undergoing bariatric surgery Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.55 [0.05, 5.99] | 4 studies · 597 participants | Low |
Heparin vs pentasaccharide All‐cause mortality · people undergoing bariatric surgery Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 198 participants | Very low |
Heparin vs pentasaccharide VTE‐related mortality · people undergoing bariatric surgery Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 198 participants | Very low |
Heparin vs pentasaccharide PE · people undergoing bariatric surgery Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 198 participants | Very low |
Heparin vs pentasaccharide DVT · people undergoing bariatric surgery Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.19, 3.61] | 1 study · 175 participants | Low |
Heparin vs pentasaccharide Adverse events (thrombocytopenia) · people undergoing bariatric surgery Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.34 [0.01, 8.25] | 1 study · 198 participants | Very low |
Heparin started before vs after the surgical procedure VTE · people undergoing bariatric surgery Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.11 [0.01, 2.01] | 1 study · 100 participants | Low |
Heparin started before vs after the surgical procedure Major bleeding · people undergoing bariatric surgery Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery (2022) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.13, 71.92] | 1 study · 100 participants | Very low |
Heparin started before vs after the surgical procedure All‐cause mortality · people undergoing bariatric surgery Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Very low |
Heparin started before vs after the surgical procedure VTE‐related mortality · people undergoing bariatric surgery Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Very low |
Heparin started before vs after the surgical procedure PE · people undergoing bariatric surgery Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Higher‐dose heparin vs standard‐dose heparin Major bleeding · people undergoing bariatric surgery Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.19 [0.48, 2.96] | 4 studies · 597 participants | Low |
Heparin started before vs after the surgical procedure DVT · people undergoing bariatric surgery Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.11 [0.01, 2.01] | 1 study · 100 participants | Low |
Heparin started before vs after the surgical procedure Adverse events (thrombocytopenia) · people undergoing bariatric surgery Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combined mechanical and pharmacological prophylaxis vs mechanical prophylaxis alone VTE · people undergoing bariatric surgery Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.05 [0, 0.89] | 1 study · 150 participants | Low |
Combined mechanical and pharmacological prophylaxis vs mechanical prophylaxis alone Major bleeding · people undergoing bariatric surgery Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 150 participants | Low |
Combined mechanical and pharmacological prophylaxis vs mechanical prophylaxis alone All‐cause mortality · people undergoing bariatric surgery Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 150 participants | Low |
Combined mechanical and pharmacological prophylaxis vs mechanical prophylaxis alone VTE‐related mortality · people undergoing bariatric surgery Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 150 participants | Low |
Combined mechanical and pharmacological prophylaxis vs mechanical prophylaxis alone PE · people undergoing bariatric surgery Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combined mechanical and pharmacological prophylaxis vs mechanical prophylaxis alone DVT · people undergoing bariatric surgery Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.05 [0, 0.89] | 1 study · 150 participants | Low |
Combined mechanical and pharmacological prophylaxis vs mechanical prophylaxis alone Adverse events · people undergoing bariatric surgery Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Higher‐dose heparin vs standard‐dose heparin All‐cause mortality · people undergoing bariatric surgery Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 597 participants | Low |
Higher‐dose heparin vs standard‐dose heparin VTE‐related mortality · people undergoing bariatric surgery Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 597 participants | Low |
Higher‐dose heparin vs standard‐dose heparin PE · people undergoing bariatric surgery Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.37 [0.02, 8.92] | 2 studies · 310 participants | Very low |
Higher‐dose heparin vs standard‐dose heparin DVT · people undergoing bariatric surgery Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [0.07, 17.4] | 4 studies · 597 participants | Very low |
Higher‐dose heparin vs standard‐dose heparin Adverse events (thrombocytopenia) · people undergoing bariatric surgery Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [0.07, 17.4] | 2 studies · 310 participants | Very low |
Heparin vs pentasaccharide VTE · people undergoing bariatric surgery Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.19, 3.61] | 1 study · 175 participants | Low |
Heparin vs pentasaccharide Major bleeding · people undergoing bariatric surgery Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.7 [0.42, 6.92] | 1 study · 198 participants | Very low |
Intra‐arterial delivery vs intravenous delivery 30‐Day amputation‐free survival · patients with < 30 days' limb ischaemiaa Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.71 [0.4, 7.34] | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
High‐dose vs low‐dose regimens of thrombolytic agents 30‐Day mortality · patients with < 42 days' limb ischaemiaa Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 302 participants | Very low |
High‐dose vs low‐dose regimens of thrombolytic agents Vessel patency (at end of treatment) · patients with < 42 days' limb ischaemiaa Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 302 participants | Very low |
High‐dose vs low‐dose regimens of thrombolytic agents Duration of thrombolysis (to end of treatment) · patients with < 42 days' limb ischaemiaa Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 302 participants | Very low |
High‐dose vs low‐dose regimens of thrombolytic agents CVA ( · patients with < 42 days' limb ischaemiaa Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 302 participants | Very low |
High‐dose vs low‐dose regimens of thrombolytic agents Major bleeding ( · patients with < 42 days' limb ischaemiaa Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 302 participants | Very low |
Continuous infusion vs forced (or pulse) infusion of thrombolytic agents 30‐Day amputation‐free survival · patients with less than 42 days' lower limb ischaemiaa Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 304 participants | Very low |