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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
430 questions in 68 reviews · Tobacco Addiction
current versionsNo studies 26 · 6%Ungraded 12 · 2.8%Very low 116 · 27%Low 159 · 37%Moderate 87 · 20.2%High 30 · 7%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Behavioural interventions vs minimal control Computer‐based interventions vs control Smoking cessation · young people Tobacco cessation interventions for young people (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.5, 1.24] | 3 studies · 340 participants | Low |
Behavioural interventions vs minimal control Text messaging‐based interventions vs control Smoking cessation · young people Tobacco cessation interventions for young people (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.18 [0.9, 1.56] | 3 studies · 2985 participants | Low |
Behavioural interventions vs minimal control Interventions with multiple delivery methods vs control Smoking cessation · young people Tobacco cessation interventions for young people (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.26 [0.95, 1.66] | 8 studies · 2755 participants | Very low |
Pharmacological interventions vs placebo Comparisons and outcomes · young people Tobacco cessation interventions for young people (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pharmacological interventions vs placebo NRT vs placebo Smoking cessation · young people Tobacco cessation interventions for young people (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.48, 2.58] | 2 studies · 385 participants | Very low |
Pharmacological interventions vs placebo NRT vs placebo Adverse events · young people Tobacco cessation interventions for young people (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 385 participants | Very low |
Interventions directed at individuals: full financial coverage vs no financial coverage Abstinence from smoking · smokers Healthcare financing systems for increasing the use of tobacco dependence treatment (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.77 [1.37, 2.28] | 6 studies · 9333 participants | Moderate |
Interventions directed at healthcare providers vs placebo Abstinence from smoking · physicians and clinics from a multispecialty group practice Healthcare financing systems for increasing the use of tobacco dependence treatment (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.16 [0.98, 1.37] | 2 studies · 2311 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Smoking prevalence ( · Adults who smoke Mass media interventions for smoking cessation in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Tobacco consumption ( · Adults who smoke Mass media interventions for smoking cessation in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Abstinence or quit rates ( · Adults who smoke Mass media interventions for smoking cessation in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Quit attempts ( · Adults who smoke Mass media interventions for smoking cessation in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Outcomes1 · adults who want to stop smoking Internet‐based interventions for smoking cessation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Interactive and tailored versus non‐active control Self‐report or bio‐verified smoking cessation · adults who want to stop smoking Internet‐based interventions for smoking cessation (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.15 [1.01, 1.3] | 8 studies · 6786 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Internet versus active control Self‐report or bio‐verified smoking cessation · adults who want to stop smoking Internet‐based interventions for smoking cessation (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.78, 1.09] | 5 studies · 3806 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Internet plus behavioural support versus non‐Internet‐based non‐active control Self‐report or bio‐verified smoking cessation · adults who want to stop smoking Internet‐based interventions for smoking cessation (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.69 [1.3, 2.18] | 5 studies · 2334 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Internet plus behavioural support versus non‐Internet‐based active control Self‐report or bio‐verified smoking cessation · adults who want to stop smoking Internet‐based interventions for smoking cessation (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.84, 1.18] | 4 studies · 2769 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Comparisons between Internet interventions (programmes): tailored/interactive versus not tailored/interactive Self‐report or bio‐verified smoking cessation · adults who want to stop smoking Internet‐based interventions for smoking cessation (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [0.99, 1.22] | 7 studies · 14623 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Comparisons between Internet interventions (messages): tailored/interactive versus not tailored/interactive Self‐reported smoking cessation · adults who want to stop smoking Internet‐based interventions for smoking cessation (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.17 [0.97, 1.41] | 3 studies · 4040 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Smoking uptake at longest · Children and adolescents aged 5 ‐ 18 years who were non‐smokers at baseline Incentives for preventing smoking in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.84, 1.19] | 3 studies · 3056 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Smoking uptake at longest · Children and adolescents aged 5 ‐ 18 years who were non‐smokers at baseline Incentives for preventing smoking in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.63, 1.08] | 3 studies · 4219 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Cessation outcome Self‐reported/verified abstinence · Smokers System change interventions for smoking cessation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 7142 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Provision of cessation counselling Proportion of smokers counselled to quit · Smokers System change interventions for smoking cessation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 10949 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Asking about tobacco use Proportion of smokers asked about tobacco use · Smokers System change interventions for smoking cessation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 2615 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Provision of cessation advice Proportion of smokers advised to quit · Smokers System change interventions for smoking cessation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 3003 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Quitline referral Proportion of smokers referred to quitline · Smokers System change interventions for smoking cessation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 3006 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Quitline enrolment Proportion of smokers enrolled in quitline · Smokers System change interventions for smoking cessation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1191 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Prescription of NRT or other pharmacotherapy Proportion of smokers received NRT prescription · Smokers System change interventions for smoking cessation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 2615 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Prevalence of tobacco use · General population for prevalence outcomes. Adult smokers for tobacco consumption outcomes. Tobacco packaging design for reducing tobacco use (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 7e+05 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Change in tobacco consumption among smokers · General population for prevalence outcomes. Adult smokers for tobacco consumption outcomes. Tobacco packaging design for reducing tobacco use (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 9394 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Attempts to quit smoking · General population for prevalence outcomes. Adult smokers for tobacco consumption outcomes. Tobacco packaging design for reducing tobacco use (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 5441 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Uptake ‐ not measured · General population for prevalence outcomes. Adult smokers for tobacco consumption outcomes. Tobacco packaging design for reducing tobacco use (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Relapse ‐ not measured · General population for prevalence outcomes. Adult smokers for tobacco consumption outcomes. Tobacco packaging design for reducing tobacco use (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Cessation ‐ not measured · General population for prevalence outcomes. Adult smokers for tobacco consumption outcomes. Tobacco packaging design for reducing tobacco use (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs1051730 ‐ non‐Hispanic white Abstinence at end of treatment · people who smoke Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.63 [1.14, 2.32] | 2 studies · 1391 participants | Moderate |
Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs16969968 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American Abstinence at 6 months ‐ homozygous major · people who smoke Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.47 [1.07, 2.03] | 2 studies · 637 participants | High |
Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs16969968 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American Abstinence at 6 months ‐ heterozygous or homozygous minor · people who smoke Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.43 [0.15, 1.26] | 2 studies · 72 participants | Low |
Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs16969968 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American Abstinence at end of treatment · people who smoke Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.36, 2.94] | 2 studies · 709 participants | Moderate |
Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs16969968 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American Abstinence at end of treatment ‐ homozygous major · people who smoke Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.57 [1.15, 2.15] | 2 studies · 637 participants | High |
Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs16969968 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American Abstinence at end of treatment ‐ heterozygous or homozygous minor · people who smoke Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.29 [0.1, 0.86] | 2 studies · 72 participants | Moderate |
Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs 588765 ‐ non‐Hispanic white End of treatment · people who smoke Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.33 [1.04, 1.71] | 2 studies · 923 participants | Moderate |
Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs 588765 ‐ non‐Hispanic white End of treatment ‐ homozygous major · people who smoke Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.39 [0.89, 2.16] | 2 studies · 296 participants | Low |
Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs 588765 ‐ non‐Hispanic white End of treatment ‐ heterozygous · people who smoke Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.27 [0.89, 1.79] | 2 studies · 469 participants | Low |
Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs 588765 ‐ non‐Hispanic white End of treatment ‐ homozygous minor · people who smoke Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.5 [0.74, 3.06] | 2 studies · 158 participants | Low |
Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs2036527 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American 6‐Month abstinence · people who smoke Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.18 [0.75, 1.87] | 2 studies · 708 participants | Low |
Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs1051730 ‐ non‐Hispanic white Abstinence at end of treatment ‐ homozygous major · people who smoke Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [0.85, 1.41] | 2 studies · 582 participants | Low |
Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs2036527 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American 6‐Month abstinence ‐ homozygous major · people who smoke Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.95 [0.46, 8.26] | 2 studies · 425 participants | Very low |
Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs2036527 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American 6‐Month abstinence ‐ heterozygous or homozygous minor · people who smoke Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.4, 2.03] | 2 studies · 283 participants | Moderate |
Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs2036527 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American End of treatment · people who smoke Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.22 [0.77, 1.93] | 2 studies · 708 participants | Low |
Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs2036527 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American End of treatment ‐ homozygous major · people who smoke Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers (2017) · Cochrane | RR 2.39 [0.43, 13.35] | 2 studies · 425 participants | Low |