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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,434 questions in 139 reviews · Kidney and Transplant
current versionsNo studies 504 · 20.7%Ungraded 40 · 1.6%Very low 611 · 25.1%Low 790 · 32.5%Moderate 414 · 17%High 75 · 3.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Reduced salt intake vs usual or high salt intake Body weight: all studies Duration: up to 12 weeks · patients with diabetes with or without CKD Altered dietary salt intake for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 454 participants | Low |
Net change in blood pressure in hypertensive and normotensive participants with a reduced salt intake vs usual or high salt intake Systolic BP Duration: up to 12 weeks · patients with diabetes with or without CKD Altered dietary salt intake for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 108 participants | Low |
Net change in blood pressure in hypertensive and normotensive participants with a reduced salt intake vs usual or high salt intake Diastolic BP Duration: up to 12 weeks · patients with diabetes with or without CKD Altered dietary salt intake for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 108 participants | Low |
Standard interferon vs placebo or control Death · patients on HD with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.06, 13.23] | 5 studies · 134 participants | Low |
Pegylated interferon alpha‐2a vs standard interferon Sustained virological response 6 months after stopping treatment · patients on HD with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | RR 2.4 [0.99, 5.81] | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Pegylated interferon alpha‐2a vs standard interferon Treatment discontinuation · patients on HD with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.11 [0.01, 1.96] | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Pegylated interferon alpha‐2a vs standard interferon Adverse events · patients on HD with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.11 [0.01, 1.96] | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
High vs low dose pegylated interferon alpha‐2a or alpha‐2b Death · patients on HD with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
High vs low dose pegylated interferon alpha‐2a or alpha‐2b PEG interferon alpha‐2a · patients on HD with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | RR 5.66 [0.69, 46.31] | 1 study · 81 participants | Low |
High vs low dose pegylated interferon alpha‐2a or alpha‐2b PEG interferon alpha‐2b · patients on HD with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | RR 2.4 [0.11, 51.32] | 1 study · 16 participants | Low |
High vs low dose pegylated interferon alpha‐2a or alpha‐2b PEG interferon (combined) · patients on HD with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | RR 4.3 [0.76, 24.33] | 2 studies · 97 participants | Moderate |
High vs low dose pegylated interferon alpha‐2a or alpha‐2b PEG interferon alpha‐2a · patients on HD with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.12 [0.4, 2.21] | 1 study · 43 participants | Low |
High vs low dose pegylated interferon alpha‐2a or alpha‐2b PEG interferon (combined) · patients on HD with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.12 [0.4, 2.21] | 1 study · 43 participants | Low |
High vs low dose pegylated interferon alpha‐2a or alpha‐2b End‐of‐treatment response · patients on HD with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Standard interferon vs placebo or control Relapse(recurrence after stopping intervention) · patients on HD with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.72 [0.28, 1.88] | 1 study · 12 participants | Low |
High vs low dose pegylated interferon alpha‐2a or alpha‐2b PEG interferon alpha‐2a · patients on HD with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.19 [0.79, 1.78] | 1 study · 81 participants | Low |
High vs low dose pegylated interferon alpha‐2a or alpha‐2b PEG interferon (alpha‐2b) · patients on HD with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | RR 5.6 [0.34, 93.35] | 1 study · 16 participants | Low |
High vs low dose pegylated interferon alpha‐2a or alpha‐2b PEG interferon alpha‐2a · patients on HD with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.13 [0.64, 2] | 1 study · 81 participants | Low |
High vs low dose pegylated interferon alpha‐2a or alpha‐2b Treatment discontinuation · patients on HD with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
High vs low dose pegylated interferon alpha‐2a or alpha‐2b Adverse events · patients on HD with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
High vs low dose pegylated interferon alpha‐2a or alpha‐2b PEG interferon (combined) · patients on HD with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.61, 1.83] | 2 studies · 97 participants | Moderate |
High vs low dose pegylated interferon alpha‐2a or alpha‐2b Serious adverse events · patients on HD with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Standard interferon plus ribavirin vs standard interferon alone Death · patients on HD with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Standard interferon plus ribavirin vs standard interferon alone Relapse(recurrence after stopping) · patients on HD with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Standard interferon plus ribavirin vs standard interferon alone End‐of‐treatment response · patients on HD with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Standard interferon vs placebo or control End‐of‐treatment response · patients on HD with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | RR 8.62 [3.03, 24.55] | 5 studies · 132 participants | Moderate |
Standard interferon plus ribavirin vs standard interferon alone Sustained virological response · patients on HD with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Standard interferon plus ribavirin vs standard interferon alone Treatment discontinuation · patients on HD with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | RR 2.97 [1.19, 7.36] | 1 study · 52 participants | Low |
Standard interferon plus ribavirin vs standard interferon alone Adverse events · patients on HD with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pegylated interferon plus ribavirin vs pegylated interferon alone Death · HD patients with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pegylated interferon plus ribavirin vs pegylated interferon alone Relapse(recurrence after stopping) · HD patients with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.23, 0.48] | 1 study · 377 participants | Low |
Pegylated interferon plus ribavirin vs pegylated interferon alone End‐of‐treatment response · HD patients with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.94, 1.09] | 1 study · 377 participants | Low |
Pegylated interferon plus ribavirin vs pegylated interferon alone Sustained virological response · HD patients with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.8 [1.46, 2.21] | 1 study · 377 participants | Low |
Pegylated interferon plus ribavirin vs pegylated interferon alone Treatment discontinuation · HD patients with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.71 [0.69, 4.24] | 1 study · 377 participants | Low |
Pegylated interferon plus ribavirin vs pegylated interferon alone Adverse events · HD patients with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [1.01, 1.19] | 1 study · 377 participants | Low |
Direct antivirals (grazoprevir and elbasvir) vs placebo Death · HD patients with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Standard interferon vs placebo or control Sustained virological response 6 months after stopping treatment · patients on HD with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | RR 3.25 [0.81, 13.07] | 4 studies · 98 participants | Moderate |
Direct antivirals (grazoprevir and elbasvir) vs placebo Relapse · HD patients with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Direct antivirals (grazoprevir and elbasvir) vs placebo End‐of‐treatment response · HD patients with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | RR 174.99 [11.03, 2775.78] | 1 study · 173 participants | Low |
Direct antivirals (grazoprevir and elbasvir) vs placebo Sustained virological response · HD patients with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Direct antivirals (grazoprevir and elbasvir) vs placebo Treatment discontinuation · HD patients with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Direct antivirals (grazoprevir and elbasvir) vs placebo Adverse events · HD patients with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pegylated interferon + ribavirin (24 weeks) + initial telepravir (12 weeks) vs pegylated interferon (48 weeks) + initial telepravir (12 weeks) + initial low dose ribavirin (12 + 36 weeks) Death · HD patients with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pegylated interferon + ribavirin (24 weeks) + initial telepravir (12 weeks) vs pegylated interferon (48 weeks) + initial telepravir (12 weeks) + initial low dose ribavirin (12 + 36 weeks) Relapse · HD patients with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pegylated interferon + ribavirin (24 weeks) + initial telepravir (12 weeks) vs pegylated interferon (48 weeks) + initial telepravir (12 weeks) + initial low dose ribavirin (12 + 36 weeks) Sustained virological response · HD patients with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.67, 1.56] | 1 study · 35 participants | Very low |
Pegylated interferon + ribavirin (24 weeks) + initial telepravir (12 weeks) vs pegylated interferon (48 weeks) + initial telepravir (12 weeks) + initial low dose ribavirin (12 + 36 weeks) End‐of‐treatment response · HD patients with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.67, 1.56] | 1 study · 35 participants | Very low |
Pegylated interferon + ribavirin (24 weeks) + initial telepravir (12 weeks) vs pegylated interferon (48 weeks) + initial telepravir (12 weeks) + initial low dose ribavirin (12 + 36 weeks) Treatment discontinuation · HD patients with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Standard interferon vs placebo or control Treatment discontinuation · patients on HD with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | RR 4.59 [0.49, 42.69] | 4 studies · 116 participants | Moderate |
Pegylated interferon + ribavirin (24 weeks) + initial telepravir (12 weeks) vs pegylated interferon (48 weeks) + initial telepravir (12 weeks) + initial low dose ribavirin (12 + 36 weeks) Adverse events · HD patients with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Standard interferon vs placebo or control Adverse events · patients on HD with HCV infection Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (2023) · Cochrane | RR 3.56 [0.98, 13.01] | 5 studies · 143 participants | Moderate |